Glaucocalyxin B protects against oxygen-glucose-deprivation/reperfusion-induced neuronal injury in PC-12 cells.

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Glaucocalyxin B (GLB), one of five ent-kauranoid diterpenoids, was reported to possess neuroprotective activity. However, the effect of GLB on oxygen-glucose-deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced cell injury in PC-12 cells has not been explored. PC-12 cells was treated with various concentrations of GLB (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 μM), and cell viability was detected using the MTT assay. PC-12 cells were pretreated with the indicated concentration of GLB (2.5-10 μM, 2 hours pretreatment), and were maintained under OGD for 3 hours, followed by 24 hours of reoxygenation. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. The levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase were detected using commercially available ELISA Kits. Intracellular reactive oxygen species level was measured using the fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. The levels of Bcl-2, Bax, p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, mTOR were detected using Western blot. Our results revealed that GLB significantly protected PC12 cells against OGD/R-induced cell injury. In addition, GLB efficiently inhibited oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in OGD/R-stimulated PC-12 cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that pretreatment with GLB could induce the activation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway resulting in protection of OGD-treated PC12 cells. In conclusion, our data indicate for the first time that GLB protects against OGD/R-induced neuronal injury in PC-12 cells. The mechanism of the protective effect of GLB is partially associated with activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, GLB may be a potential agent for protection against cerebral I/R injury.