Acute endocrine effects of a single administration of methylmercury chloride (MMC) in rats.

The acute effects of methylmercury chloride (MMC) on the endocrine functions were investigated with doses too small to cause any typical neurological dysfunctions. The hormones included PRL, LH, TSH, ACTH, corticosterone (Bk), testosterone (TLI), total thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (free T4). The changes in serum hormone levels from 1 hour through 10 days after a single injection of MMC (12 mg/kg s.c.) (Exp. 1), and dose-response relationships between MMC doses (2 to 16 mg/kg s.c.) and the serum hormone levels at 25 hours after MMC injection (Exp. 2) were examined. The acute effects revealed, which were all reversible, are summarized as follows; MMC might directly inhibit thyroxine synthesis; MMC could affect only stimulatively the pituitary-adrenal axis and PRL synthesis/release, the primary action site for which may be the CNS; and the effects of the pituitary-gonadal axis were inconsistent and, therefore, this axis seems to be relatively resistant to MMC. On the other hand, the responses of PRL and TSH to TRH loading, which were examined for both groups in Exp. 3, suggested that MMC could not affect the metabolizing activity for serum PRL and TSH. The hormone levels of the MMC group enhanced by TRH recovered very rapidly as in the control group. Thus, these acute and reversible endocrine effects seem to indicate relatively earlier development of possible chronic and irreversible effects on the endocrine functions when exposed to methylmercury chronically, and these should be examined further.