Arbeter A M, Baker L, Starr S E, Plotkin S A
Dev Biol Stand. 1986;65:89-93.
A clinical trial was conducted to compare the combination measles, mumps, rubella, varicella vaccine (MMRV) and the standard measles, mumps, rubella vaccine and subsequent varicella vaccine (MMR + V) in 15 to 17 month old healthy children. Both the MMRV and MMR + V schedules stimulated virtually 100% seroconversion for all component viruses. Mean antibody titers were similar for each virus component in the two vaccine groups. Clinical reactivity post immunization was also similar with 25-29% morbilliform rashes, 12-25% mild papulovesicular (varicella) rashes, and 12.5-18% temperature elevations above 101 degrees F. Antibodies to measles, mumps, and rubella viruses were persistent in 8/10 originally seronegative MMRV vaccinees and 5/5 MMR + V recipients tested. On MMRV recipient had a household exposure to chickenpox during the year postvaccination that resulted in a subclinical boost in varicella antibody titer. Two children in the MMR + V group had close varicella exposures: one developed mild varicella (20 lesions). There were no known exposures to natural measles, mumps, or rubella. Three of four MMRV vaccinees with low titer antibody to varicella prior to immunization had greater than four-fold rises in antibodies. The combination measles, mumps, rubella, varicella vaccine is an immunogenic, safe and cost effective approach to varicella immunization of healthy children.
开展了一项临床试验，比较联合麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、水痘疫苗（MMRV）与标准麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹疫苗及后续水痘疫苗（MMR + V）在15至17月龄健康儿童中的效果。MMRV和MMR + V免疫程序对所有组分病毒的血清转化率几乎均达100%。两种疫苗组中各病毒组分的平均抗体滴度相似。免疫后的临床反应性也相似，有25 - 29%出现麻疹样皮疹，12 - 25%出现轻度丘疹水疱性（水痘）皮疹，12.5 - 18%体温升高超过101华氏度。对最初血清学阴性的10名MMRV疫苗接种者中的8名以及5名MMR + V接种者进行检测，麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹病毒抗体持续存在。1名MMRV疫苗接种者在接种后一年内家庭接触了水痘，导致水痘抗体滴度出现亚临床升高。MMR + V组中有2名儿童近距离接触了水痘：其中1名患轻度水痘（20处皮损）。未发现有自然接触麻疹、腮腺炎或风疹的情况。4名免疫前水痘抗体滴度低的MMRV疫苗接种者中有3名抗体升高超过四倍。联合麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、水痘疫苗是对健康儿童进行水痘免疫的一种具有免疫原性、安全且具有成本效益的方法。
