Shillitoe Edward J
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse NY 13210.
Crit Rev Oncog. 2018;23(3-4):153-160. doi: 10.1615/CritRevOncog.2018027422.
The pathogenesis of oral cancer is complex, and not all relevant factors involved in it have been determined. In particular, the role of the microbiota is not well understood because of difficulties in isolating and culturing its organisms. However, the recent development of metagenomic sequencing allows the discovery of all the DNA sequences in a specimen, and thus, the microbiome is now under intensive investigation. Studies of the bacteriome, the mycobiome, and the virome have revealed new organisms and have uncovered various differences between healthy persons and patients with oral cancer. In addition, sequencing of human samples shows the existence of DNA sequences that may be from novel microbes but are actually of unknown origin and so are referred to as the dark matter. The large volumes of data that are being produced by sequencing projects must be studied further to reveal novel pathogens and new pathways in the development of oral cancer.
口腔癌的发病机制复杂，其中涉及的并非所有相关因素都已明确。特别是，由于微生物难以分离培养，其在口腔癌发病机制中的作用仍未得到充分理解。然而，宏基因组测序技术的最新进展使人们能够发现样本中的所有DNA序列，因此，微生物群正受到深入研究。对细菌组、真菌组和病毒组的研究揭示了新的微生物，并发现了健康人与口腔癌患者之间的各种差异。此外，对人类样本的测序显示存在可能来自新型微生物但实际来源不明的DNA序列，因此被称为暗物质。测序项目产生的大量数据必须进一步研究，以揭示口腔癌发生发展中的新型病原体和新途径。
