Paul Tania, Mondal Abhijit, Bandyopadhyay Tarun Kanti
Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Agartala, Agartala-799046, India.
Recent Pat Biotechnol. 2019;13(1):33-44. doi: 10.2174/1872208312666181012150407.
L-ASNase (L-asparagine aminohydrolase EC 3.5.1.1) is used for the conversion of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia and also it was found as an agent of chemotherapeutic property according to recent patents. It is known as an anti-cancer agent and recently it has received an immense attention. Various microorganisms have the ability to secrete the L-ASNase. It is famous world-wide as anti-tumor medicine for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphosarcoma. L-ASNase helps in deamination of Asparagine and Glutamine.
L-ASNase mainly found in two bacterial sources; Escherichia coli and Erwinia carotovora. Isolation from plants: Endophytes were also a great source of L-ASNase. It was isolated from four types of plants named as; C. citratus, O. diffusa, M. koengii, and also P. bleo.
L-ASNase is used as a potential anti-tumor medicine. It plays a very much essential role for the growth of tumor cells. Tumor cells require a lot of asparagine for their growth. But ASNase converts to aspartate and ammonia from asparagine. So the tumor cell does not proliferate and fails to survive. The L-ASNase is used as the medicine for the major type of cancer like acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), brain. It also used as a medicine for central nervous system (CNS) tumors, and also for neuroblastoma. Two types of L-ASNase have been found.
L-ASNase becomes a powerful anti-tumor medicine and researchers should develop a potent strain of asparaginase which can produce asparaginase in the industrial level. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry and food industry on a broader scale.
L-天冬酰胺酶（L-天冬酰胺氨基水解酶，EC 3.5.1.1）用于将L-天冬酰胺转化为L-天冬氨酸和氨，并且根据最近的专利发现它具有化疗特性。它作为一种抗癌剂而闻名，最近受到了广泛关注。多种微生物具有分泌L-天冬酰胺酶的能力。它作为治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病和淋巴肉瘤的抗肿瘤药物在全球闻名。L-天冬酰胺酶有助于天冬酰胺和谷氨酰胺的脱氨作用。
L-天冬酰胺酶主要存在于两种细菌来源中，即大肠杆菌和胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌。从植物中分离：内生菌也是L-天冬酰胺酶的重要来源。它从四种植物中分离得到，分别是香茅、白花蛇舌草、枚叶花椒和青龙草。
L-天冬酰胺酶用作潜在的抗肿瘤药物。它对肿瘤细胞的生长起着非常重要的作用。肿瘤细胞生长需要大量天冬酰胺。但天冬酰胺酶将天冬酰胺转化为天冬氨酸和氨。因此肿瘤细胞无法增殖并无法存活。L-天冬酰胺酶用作治疗主要类型癌症如急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）、脑癌的药物。它也用作治疗中枢神经系统（CNS）肿瘤以及神经母细胞瘤的药物。已发现两种类型的L-天冬酰胺酶。
L-天冬酰胺酶成为一种强大的抗肿瘤药物，研究人员应开发一种能在工业水平生产天冬酰胺酶的高效菌株。它还在更广泛的范围内用于制药工业和食品工业。
