Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
Chem Asian J. 2018 Dec 18;13(24):3800-3817. doi: 10.1002/asia.201801329. Epub 2018 Nov 13.
Dimetallynes (RE≡ER; E=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb), i.e., systems that contain triple bonds between heavier group-14 elements represent the heavier homologues of alkynes. The high reactivity of disilynes, digermynes, distannynes, and diplumbynes can be interpreted in terms of their unique bonding situation, which includes a trans-bent structure, a small HOMO-LUMO gap, a partial diradical character, their electronic nature, and interactions between bulky substituents. Relatively recent developments in the area of sterically demanding substituents have permitted isolating some stable compounds with a triple bond between heavier group-14 elements. The structural features of these triple-bonded compounds and their reactivity toward small molecules have been investigated using experimental and theoretical approaches. This review focuses on recent developments regarding the reactivity of stable compounds with a triple bond between heavier group-14 elements toward small molecules, where the results were examined using quantum chemical methods. A comprehensive review on carbon chemistry is beyond the scope of this focus review.
二金属炔烃（RE≡ER；E=Si、Ge、Sn、Pb），即包含重元素族 14 元素之间三重键的体系，是炔烃的重同系物。二硅炔、二锗炔、二锡炔和二铅炔的高反应活性可以根据它们独特的键合情况来解释，其中包括反式弯曲结构、较小的 HOMO-LUMO 能隙、部分自由基特性、它们的电子性质以及与庞大取代基之间的相互作用。在需要空间位阻取代基的领域中，相对较新的发展使得可以分离出一些在重元素族 14 元素之间具有三重键的稳定化合物。使用实验和理论方法研究了这些三键化合物的结构特征及其对小分子的反应性。这篇综述重点介绍了关于稳定的具有重元素族 14 元素之间三重键的化合物与小分子反应性的最新发展，其中使用量子化学方法检查了结果。全面的碳化学综述超出了本重点综述的范围。
