Phorbol myristate acetate and the calcium ionophore A23187 synergistically induce release of LTB4 by human neutrophils: involvement of protein kinase C activation in regulation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.

Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a tumor-promoting phorbol ester, and the calcium ionophore A23187 synergistically induced the noncytotoxic release of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and other 5-lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism from human neutrophils. Whereas neutrophils incubated with either A23187 (0.4 microM) or PMA (1.6 microM) alone failed to release any 5-lipoxygenase arachidonate products, neutrophils incubated with both stimuli together for 5 min at 37 degrees C released LTB4 as well as 20-COOH-LTB4, 20-OH-LTB4, 5-(S),12-(R)-6-trans-LTB4, 5-(S),12-(S)-6-trans-LTB4, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, as determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. This synergistic response exhibited concentration dependence on both PMA and A23187. PMA induced 5-lipoxygenase product release at a concentration causing a half-maximal effect of approximately 5 nM in the presence of A23187 (0.4 microM). Competition binding experiments showed that PMA inhibited the specific binding of [3H]phorbol dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu) to intact neutrophils with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of approximately 8 nM. 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol (OAG) also acted synergistically with A23187 to induce the release of 5-lipoxygenase products. 4 alpha-phorbol didecanoate (PDD), an inactive phorbol ester, did not affect the amount of lipoxygenase products released in response to A23187 or compete for specific [3H]PDBu binding. PMA and A23187 acted synergistically to increase arachidonate release from neutrophils prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic acid but did not affect the release of the cyclooxygenase product prostaglandin E2. Both PMA and OAG, but not PDD, induced the redistribution of protein kinase C activity from the cytosol to the membrane fraction of neutrophils, a characteristic of protein kinase C activation. Thus, activation of protein kinase C may play a physiologic role in releasing free arachidonate substrate from membrane phospholipids and/or in modulating 5-lipoxygenase activity in stimulated human neutrophils.