Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America.
Bausch + Lomb, Rochester, New York, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2018 Oct 18;13(10):e0205814. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205814. eCollection 2018.
The Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring in Ocular Microorganisms (ARMOR) surveillance study evaluates in vitro antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae isolates from ocular infections. Here we report resistance rates and trends among conjunctival-sourced ocular isolates collected across the US from 2009 through 2016. A total of 1198 conjunctival isolates (483 S. aureus, 305 CoNS, 208 H. influenzae, 118 S. pneumoniae, and 84 P. aeruginosa) were collected from patients with presumed bacterial conjunctivitis from 57 sites across 40 states. A large proportion of staphylococci demonstrated resistance to oxacillin and azithromycin, while resistance was low against the majority of antibiotics tested for S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and H. influenzae. Multidrug resistance (≥3 antibiotic classes) was found in 30.2% of S. aureus and 39.0% of CoNS isolates, and methicillin resistance more than doubled the rate of multi-drug resistance (methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA], 76.5%; methicillin-resistant CoNS isolates, 72.8%). There was a pattern of increasing mean percent resistance with increasing age by decade of life among S. aureus, MRSA, and CoNS (P≤0.038). Over the eight-year study period, there were small yet significant decreases in resistance rates among S. aureus to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, trimethoprim, and oxacillin (P≤0.003), and among CoNS and P. aeruginosa (both P<0.05) to ciprofloxacin. These data indicate that antibiotic resistance is high, but did not increase, among conjunctival-sourced isolates collected in the US from 2009 through 2016. For certain antibiotic/pathogen combinations, there was a trend of decreased resistance, including a decrease in oxacillin resistance among S. aureus.
《眼部微生物抗生素耐药性监测（ARMOR）研究》评估了金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CoNS）、肺炎链球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和流感嗜血杆菌从眼部感染分离株的体外抗生素耐药性。在这里，我们报告了 2009 年至 2016 年期间，从美国各地收集的眼部感染源分离株的耐药率和趋势。共收集了来自 40 个州 57 个地点的疑似细菌性结膜炎患者的 1198 例结膜分离株（483 株金黄色葡萄球菌、305 株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、208 株流感嗜血杆菌、118 株肺炎链球菌和 84 株铜绿假单胞菌）。很大一部分葡萄球菌对苯唑西林和阿奇霉素耐药，而对大多数测试的抗生素耐药率较低，包括肺炎链球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和流感嗜血杆菌。耐多药（≥3 种抗生素类别）在 30.2%的金黄色葡萄球菌和 39.0%的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分离株中发现，耐甲氧西林的葡萄球菌（耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌[MRSA]，76.5%；耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分离株，72.8%）的耐药率增加了一倍以上。金黄色葡萄球菌、MRSA 和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的年龄每增加 10 岁，平均耐药百分比呈上升趋势（P≤0.038）。在八年的研究期间，金黄色葡萄球菌对阿奇霉素、环丙沙星、妥布霉素、复方磺胺甲噁唑和苯唑西林的耐药率以及凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌对环丙沙星的耐药率均有显著下降（P≤0.003）。这些数据表明，2009 年至 2016 年期间，从美国收集的眼部感染源分离株的抗生素耐药性仍然很高，但没有增加。对于某些抗生素/病原体组合，耐药性呈下降趋势，包括金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑西林的耐药性下降。
