Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2019 Feb;47:73-80. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.09.010. Epub 2018 Oct 16.
Directional growth in all plants involves both phototropic and gravitropic responses. Accordingly, mechanisms controlling shoot architecture throughout the plant kingdom are likely similar. However, as forms vary between species due in part to gene copy number and functional divergence, some aspects of how plants predetermine and regulate architecture can differ. This is especially true when comparing annual herbaceous species (e.g. model plants) to woody perennials such as trees. In the past decade, inexpensive genomic sequencing and technological advances enabled gene discovery and functional analyses in trees. This led to the identification of genes associated with tree shoot architecture control. Here, we present recent discoveries on the regulation of shoot architectures for which causative genes have been identified, including dwarf, weeping, columnar, and pillar growth habits. We also discuss potential applications of these findings.
在所有植物中，定向生长都涉及向光性和向重力性反应。因此，控制整个植物界中芽结构的机制可能是相似的。然而，由于物种形式的不同部分是由于基因拷贝数和功能的差异，因此植物如何预先确定和调节结构的某些方面可能会有所不同。当比较一年生草本植物（例如模式植物）与树木等木本多年生植物时，情况尤其如此。在过去的十年中，廉价的基因组测序和技术进步使树木中的基因发现和功能分析成为可能。这导致了与树木芽结构控制相关基因的鉴定。在这里，我们介绍了最近在鉴定出因果基因的芽结构调节方面的发现，包括矮化、垂枝、柱状和柱状生长习性。我们还讨论了这些发现的潜在应用。
