Bioceramics & Coating Division, CSIR - Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR), CSIR - Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute Campus, 196 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohonpur, Nadia 741246, India.
Waste Manag. 2018 Sep;79:287-295. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.043. Epub 2018 Aug 3.
A better understanding of how dynamics of physical and chemical changes occur during vermicomposting process would be helpful for determining the stability and maturity of vermicompost. For improving the knowledge about this issue several instrumental techniques were used in the present study to analyse the physical and chemical changes as a function of vermicomposting time of banana stem waste (BS) spiked with cow dung (CD) in different proportions using earthworm Eisenia fetida. Chemical analysis by ICP-AES showed gradual increase in the plant nutrients (P, Ca, K, Mg, Fe) up to 60 day of vermicomposting in all the treatments. But among different treatments, K, Mg and Fe were considerably higher in the BS2CD1 blend. The FTIR showed strong NO stretching vibration with increasing BS content signifying the presence of nitrate in the final compost. The TG analysis of final BS-CD composts described the lower mass loss (52-55%) in the final compared to the initial stage due to high level of humification by earthworms. The maturity of the final compost was confirmed by DSC analysis which exhibited lowering of relative intensity of exothermic peaks related to the easily degradable material at 320-330 °C and complex organic moieties at 495-530 °C. Decrease in the humification index (Q, Q, Q) at 60 day confirmed the stability of vermicomposts. All the treatments showed <2 mg CO-C g vermicompost C day respiration rates and >70% germination indices (GI) for rice and pea seeds. These findings defined a clear comparison between the treatments during vermicomposting in terms of stability and maturity and revealed that BS2CD1 can be utilized as nutrient-rich stable compost for enhanced crop production.
更好地了解在蚯蚓堆肥过程中物理和化学变化的动态，将有助于确定蚯蚓堆肥的稳定性和成熟度。为了提高对此问题的认识，本研究采用了几种仪器技术，分析了香蕉茎废物（BS）与牛粪（CD）以不同比例混合，用赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）进行蚯蚓堆肥过程中作为时间函数的物理和化学变化。ICP-AES 的化学分析表明，在所有处理中，植物养分（P、Ca、K、Mg、Fe）在 60 天的蚯蚓堆肥过程中逐渐增加。但在不同的处理中，BS2CD1 混合物中的 K、Mg 和 Fe 含量相当高。FTIR 显示随着 BS 含量的增加，NO 伸缩振动变强，表明最终堆肥中存在硝酸盐。最终 BS-CD 堆肥的 TG 分析描述了由于蚯蚓的高度腐殖化作用，最终堆肥的质量损失（52-55%）比初始阶段低。DSC 分析证实了最终堆肥的成熟度，该分析显示与易降解物质（320-330°C）和复杂有机物质（495-530°C）相关的放热峰的相对强度降低。60 天时腐殖化指数（Q、Q、Q）的降低证实了蚯蚓堆肥的稳定性。所有处理的 CO-C g 蚯蚓堆肥 C 天呼吸率均<2mg，且水稻和豌豆种子的发芽指数（GI）均>70%。这些发现明确比较了在蚯蚓堆肥过程中不同处理之间的稳定性和成熟度，并表明 BS2CD1 可作为富营养、稳定的堆肥，用于提高作物产量。
