School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Vic, 3220, Australia.
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Vic, 3220, Australia.
Int J Drug Policy. 2018 Dec;62:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.09.012. Epub 2018 Oct 19.
Alcohol-related harm in night-time entertainment precincts (NEPs) is disproportionately high for the amount of alcohol consumed within these areas. Previous evaluations of alcohol restrictions targeting NEPs have often looked at restrictions in isolation and not attempted to create a comprehensive theoretical explanation that takes multiple restrictions into account. The aim of this review is to establish which restrictions have been adequately evaluated in previous literature, and to identify any research which may provide the basis for a theoretical model that explains the interactions between different alcohol restrictions in NEPs and their combined impact on alcohol-related-harm.
A mapping review was conducted to plot evaluations of the effectiveness of different alcohol restrictions in NEPs at reducing assault and injury rates (protocol PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017069773). Six databases and 145 websites were searched, results were categorised based on the type of restrictions evaluated: Outlet density, trading hours, lockouts, price, patron bans, and drinks restrictions.
Forty-eight articles were identified out of 20,743 returned by the systematic search. Thirty-five of these papers were original works, and 13 reviews. Outlet density was examined in 15 of the papers, trading hours in 30, lockouts in 21, price in 2, patron bans in 7 and drinks restrictions in 15.
No pre-existing theoretical models were identified. Outlet density, trading hours, and price restrictions all had evidence that suggested high levels of effectiveness in NEPs and would be suitable for inclusion in a theoretical model. More research is required before attempting to include lockouts, patron bans and drinks restrictions in a theoretical model. Future research should focus on establishing a theoretical model based on evidence of effective alcohol restrictions and gathering an evidence base for under-researched restrictions.
夜间娱乐区（NEP）的酒精相关危害与该区域内的酒精消耗量不成比例地高。以前针对 NEP 的酒精限制评估通常孤立地看待限制，而没有试图创建一个综合的理论解释，该解释考虑了多种限制。本综述的目的是确定以前的文献中已经充分评估了哪些限制，并确定任何可能为解释 NEP 中不同酒精限制之间相互作用及其对酒精相关伤害的综合影响的理论模型提供基础的研究。
进行了映射综述，以绘制评估不同 NEP 中酒精限制在降低攻击和伤害率方面的有效性（方案 PROSPERO 2017：CRD42017069773）。共搜索了六个数据库和 145 个网站，结果根据评估的限制类型进行分类：出口密度、营业时间、锁定、价格、顾客禁令和饮料限制。
从系统搜索中返回的 20743 篇文章中确定了 48 篇文章。其中 35 篇是原创作品，13 篇是综述。有 15 篇论文研究了出口密度，30 篇论文研究了营业时间，21 篇论文研究了锁定，2 篇论文研究了价格，7 篇论文研究了顾客禁令，15 篇论文研究了饮料限制。
没有发现预先存在的理论模型。出口密度、营业时间和价格限制都有证据表明在 NEP 中具有高度的有效性，因此适合纳入理论模型。在试图将锁定、顾客禁令和饮料限制纳入理论模型之前，需要进行更多的研究。未来的研究应侧重于基于有效的酒精限制证据建立理论模型，并为研究不足的限制收集证据基础。
