School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Dec;25(35):35531-35537. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3520-y. Epub 2018 Oct 22.
Phosphorus (P) in sewage sludge (SS) has been a concern for decades. Sludge-borne P could exacerbate eutrophication problems once released to aquatic environments. Meanwhile, sludge-borne P would be a valuable alternative source to P minerals. A comprehensive understanding of the occurrence forms and fate of P in SS is required prior to the assessment of environmental implications of sludge-borne P. In the present study, we conducted a nationwide survey on speciation of phosphorus in the SS of China. The average concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in SS was 17.3 ± 5.1 g· kg, of which 67.1 ± 8.9% occurred as inorganic forms. Non-apatite inorganic phosphorus constituted the major component (77.6 ± 11.4%) of inorganic phosphorus, with the rest minor portion occurring as apatite phosphorus. Organic P accounted for 26.8 ± 7.9% of TP in SS, showing an average concentration of 4.5 ± 4.2 g· kg. Majority of phosphorus in the SS of China occurs as labile forms, suggesting that the environmental implications of SS disposal approaches should be assessed seriously. Sewage sludge produced by China contained 1.1 × 10 t of TP in 2016, and the amount accumulated to 1.0 × 10 t since 2001. Landfill sites are the single most important fate, receiving 8.1 × 10 t of sludge-borne TP since 2001. Land application and building materials are the other two fates of sludge-borne phosphorus. Spatial-temporal variations of phosphorus in the SS of China were also discussed. Graphical abstract.
磷（P）在污水污泥（SS）中已经引起了数十年的关注。一旦释放到水生环境中，污泥中的磷可能会加剧富营养化问题。同时，污泥中的磷也将成为磷矿的一种有价值的替代来源。在评估污泥中磷的环境影响之前，需要全面了解 SS 中磷的存在形式和归宿。在本研究中，我们对中国 SS 中磷的形态进行了全国性调查。SS 中总磷（TP）的平均浓度为 17.3±5.1g·kg，其中 67.1±8.9%以无机形式存在。非磷灰石无机磷构成了无机磷的主要成分（77.6±11.4%），其余少量部分以磷灰石磷的形式存在。有机磷占 SS 中 TP 的 26.8±7.9%，平均浓度为 4.5±4.2g·kg。中国 SS 中的大部分磷以不稳定形式存在，这表明应认真评估 SS 处置方法的环境影响。2016 年中国产生的污水污泥中含有 1.1×10^4t 的 TP，自 2001 年以来累计达到 1.0×10^4t。自 2001 年以来，填埋场是唯一最重要的归宿，接收了 8.1×10^4t 的污泥中磷。土地利用和建筑材料是污泥中磷的另外两种归宿。还讨论了中国 SS 中磷的时空变化。
