Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Med Res Rev. 2019 May;39(3):831-859. doi: 10.1002/med.21542. Epub 2018 Oct 24.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), critical components of the innate immune system, are widely distributed throughout the animal and plant kingdoms. They can protect against a broad array of infection-causing agents, such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, and tumor cells, and also exhibit immunomodulatory activity. AMPs exert antimicrobial activities primarily through mechanisms involving membrane disruption, so they have a lower likelihood of inducing drug resistance. Extensive studies on the structure-activity relationship have revealed that net charge, hydrophobicity, and amphipathicity are the most important physicochemical and structural determinants endowing AMPs with antimicrobial potency and cell selectivity. This review summarizes the recent advances in AMPs development with respect to characteristics, structure-activity relationships, functions, antimicrobial mechanisms, expression regulation, and applications in food, medicine, and animals.
抗菌肽（AMPs）是先天免疫系统的重要组成部分，广泛分布于动物界和植物界。它们可以抵御多种感染因子，如细菌、真菌、寄生虫、病毒和肿瘤细胞，并且还具有免疫调节活性。AMPs 主要通过破坏细胞膜的机制发挥抗菌作用，因此它们不太可能引起耐药性。广泛的结构-活性关系研究表明，净电荷、疏水性和两亲性是赋予 AMPs 抗菌效力和细胞选择性的最重要的物理化学和结构决定因素。本综述总结了 AMPs 的最新研究进展，包括特性、结构-活性关系、功能、抗菌机制、表达调控以及在食品、医学和动物中的应用。
