RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.
Open Biol. 2018 Oct 24;8(10):180150. doi: 10.1098/rsob.180150.
Paraspeckles are nuclear bodies built on an architectural long noncoding RNA, NEAT1, and a series of studies have revealed their molecular components, fine internal structures and cellular and physiological functions. Emerging lines of evidence suggest that paraspeckle formation is elicited by phase separation of associating RNA-binding proteins containing intrinsically disordered regions, which induce ordered arrangement of paraspeckle components along NEAT1. In this review, we will summarize the history of paraspeckle research over the last couple of decades, especially focusing on the function and structure of the nuclear bodies. We also discuss the future directions of research on long noncoding RNAs that form 'RNP milieux', large and flexible phase-separated ribonucleoprotein complexes.
核内斑点是由一种结构长非编码 RNA（NEAT1）构建的核内体，一系列研究揭示了它们的分子组成、精细的内部结构以及细胞和生理功能。新出现的证据表明，核内斑点的形成是由含有无规卷曲区域的 RNA 结合蛋白的相分离引发的，这诱导了核内斑点成分沿着 NEAT1 的有序排列。在这篇综述中，我们将总结过去几十年核内斑点研究的历史，特别是聚焦于核内体的功能和结构。我们还讨论了形成“RNP 环境”的长非编码 RNA 的未来研究方向，即大型、灵活的相分离核糖核蛋白复合物。
