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无碱镍催化酸氟化物的脱羰基Suzuki-Miyaura 偶联反应。

Base-free nickel-catalysed decarbonylative Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of acid fluorides.

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

出版信息

Nature. 2018 Nov;563(7729):100-104. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0628-7. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Abstract

The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of organoboron nucleophiles with aryl halide electrophiles is one of the most widely used carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions in organic and medicinal chemistry. A key challenge associated with these transformations is that they generally require the addition of an exogenous base, the role of which is to enable transmetallation between the organoboron nucleophile and the metal catalyst. This requirement limits the substrate scope of the reaction because the added base promotes competitive decomposition of many organoboron substrates. As such, considerable research has focused on strategies for mitigating base-mediated side reactions. Previous efforts have primarily focused either on designing strategically masked organoboron reagents (to slow base-mediated decomposition) or on developing highly active palladium precatalysts (to accelerate cross-coupling relative to base-mediated decomposition pathways). An attractive alternative approach involves identifying combinations of catalyst and electrophile that enable Suzuki-Miyaura-type reactions to proceed without an exogenous base. Here we use this approach to develop a nickel-catalysed coupling of aryl boronic acids with acid fluorides, which are formed in situ from readily available carboxylic acids. This combination of catalyst and electrophile enables a mechanistic manifold in which a 'transmetallation-active' aryl nickel fluoride intermediate is generated directly in the catalytic cycle. As such, this transformation does not require an exogenous base and is applicable to a wide range of base-sensitive boronic acids and biologically active carboxylic acids.

摘要

硼酸有机亲核试剂与芳基卤化物的铃木-宫浦交叉偶联反应是有机和药物化学中最广泛使用的碳-碳键形成反应之一。这些转化所面临的一个关键挑战是,它们通常需要添加外源性碱,其作用是使硼酸有机亲核试剂与金属催化剂之间发生转金属化。这一要求限制了反应的底物范围,因为添加的碱会促进许多硼酸有机底物的竞争性分解。因此,人们已经投入了大量的研究来寻找减轻碱介导的副反应的策略。以前的研究主要集中在设计策略性掩蔽的硼酸试剂(以减缓碱介导的分解)或开发高活性钯前催化剂(以加速交叉偶联反应,使其与碱介导的分解途径相比)上。一种有吸引力的替代方法是确定催化剂和亲电试剂的组合,使铃木-宫浦型反应能够在没有外源性碱的情况下进行。在这里,我们使用这种方法开发了一种镍催化的芳基硼酸与酸氟化物的偶联反应,酸氟化物是由易得的羧酸原位形成的。这种催化剂和亲电试剂的组合能够实现一种反应机理,其中“转金属化活性”的芳基镍氟化物中间体直接在催化循环中生成。因此,这种转化不需要外源性碱,并且适用于广泛的对碱敏感的硼酸和具有生物活性的羧酸。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/69c8/6212315/1860d2f9d3e8/nihms-1504512-f0001.jpg

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