Williams D S Blaise, Murray Nicholas G, Powell Douglas W
Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA.
J Sport Health Sci. 2016 Mar;5(1):70-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.01.010. Epub 2016 Jan 11.
Athletes have been shown to exhibit better balance compared to non-athletes (NON). However, few studies have investigated how the surface on which athletes train affects the strategies adopted to maintain balance. Two distinct athlete groups who experience different types of sport-specific balance training are stable surface athletes (SSA) such as basketball players and those who train on unstable surfaces (USA) such as surfers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of training surface on dynamic balance in athletes compared to NON.
Eight NON, eight SSA, and eight USA performed five 20-s trials in each of five experimental conditions including a static condition and four dynamic conditions in which the support surface translated in the anteroposterior (AP) or mediolateral (ML) planes using positive or negative feedback paradigms. Approximate entropy (ApEn) and root mean square distance (RMS) of the center of pressure (CoP) were calculated for the AP and ML directions. Four 3 × 5 (group × condition) repeated measures ANOVAs were used to determine significant effects of group and condition on variables of interest.
USA exhibited smaller ApEn values than SSA in the AP signals while no significant differences were observed in the ML CoP signals. Generally, the negative feedback conditions were associated with significantly greater RMS values than the positive feedback conditions.
USA exhibit unique postural strategies compared to SSA. These unique strategies seemingly exhibit a direction-specific attribute and may be associated with divergent motor control strategies.
与非运动员相比，运动员已被证明具有更好的平衡能力。然而，很少有研究调查运动员训练的表面如何影响维持平衡所采用的策略。有两类经历不同类型特定运动平衡训练的运动员群体，一类是在稳定表面训练的运动员（SSA），如篮球运动员，另一类是在不稳定表面训练的运动员（USA），如冲浪者。本研究的目的是调查与非运动员相比，训练表面对运动员动态平衡的影响。
8名非运动员、8名稳定表面训练的运动员和8名不稳定表面训练的运动员在五种实验条件下各进行五次20秒的试验，包括一个静态条件和四个动态条件，在动态条件下，支撑表面使用正反馈或负反馈范式在前-后（AP）或中-外侧（ML）平面平移。计算AP和ML方向上压力中心（CoP）的近似熵（ApEn）和均方根距离（RMS）。使用四个3×5（组×条件）重复测量方差分析来确定组和条件对感兴趣变量的显著影响。
在AP信号中，不稳定表面训练的运动员的ApEn值比稳定表面训练的运动员小，而在ML CoP信号中未观察到显著差异。一般来说，负反馈条件下的RMS值比正反馈条件下显著更大。
与稳定表面训练的运动员相比，不稳定表面训练的运动员表现出独特的姿势策略。这些独特的策略似乎具有方向特异性属性，可能与不同的运动控制策略有关。
