Calavalle A R, Sisti D, Rocchi M B L, Panebianco R, Del Sal M, Stocchi V
I.R.A.M, Istituto di Ricerca sull'Attività Motoria, Università degli Studi di Urbino (PU), Via i Maggetti 26/2, Urbino, Italy.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008 Nov;104(4):643-9. doi: 10.1007/s00421-008-0815-6. Epub 2008 Jul 10.
The first aim of this paper was to investigate if expertise in rhythmic gymnastics influences postural performance even in an easy non-specific task such as bipedal posture. Rhythmic gymnastics is a unique female sport which encompasses aspects of both artistic gymnastics and ballet and includes the use of a small apparatus (rope, hoop, ball, clubs and ribbon). Most previous studies have shown that expertise achieved by artistic gymnasts and dancers improves postural steadiness only in the situations for which those athletes are trained. Literature has not yet compared rhythmic gymnasts to other athletes in terms of their postural strategies. Hence, the study presented herein tested a group of high level rhythmic gymnasts and a group of female university students, trained in other sports, in the bipedal posture under eyes open and closed conditions. A force platform was used to record body sway. (1) Distance from the centre of sway, (2) lateral and (3) antero-posterior displacements were analyzed in time and frequency domains. Comparing the two groups, it was found that rhythmic gymnasts had better strategies than students in simple postural tasks, especially in lateral directions and in the period from 0.05 to 2 s. The most interesting finding in this study is that rhythmic gymnastics training seems to have a direct effect on the ability to maintain bipedal posture, which may confirm the "transfer" hypothesis of rhythmic gymnastics expertise to bipedal postural sway, especially in medio-lateral displacements. This finding has never been reported in previous studies on artistic gymnasts and ballet dancers. Furthermore, the present study confirmed the visual dependence of all the athletes, irrespective of their disciplines, in their postural trials.
本文的首要目的是研究艺术体操方面的专业技能是否会影响姿势表现，即使是在诸如双足站立姿势这样简单的非特定任务中。艺术体操是一项独特的女子运动，它融合了竞技体操和芭蕾舞的元素，并且包括使用小型器械（绳、圈、球、棒和带）。此前的大多数研究表明，竞技体操运动员和舞蹈演员所达到的专业技能仅在他们所训练的情境中能提高姿势稳定性。在姿势策略方面，文献尚未将艺术体操运动员与其他运动员进行比较。因此，本文所呈现的研究在睁眼和闭眼条件下对一组高水平艺术体操运动员和一组接受其他运动训练的女大学生进行了双足站立姿势测试。使用测力平台记录身体摆动情况。对（1）摆动中心的距离、（2）横向和（3）前后位移在时域和频域进行了分析。比较两组发现，在简单姿势任务中，艺术体操运动员比学生有更好的策略，尤其是在横向方向以及0.05至2秒的时间段内。本研究中最有趣的发现是，艺术体操训练似乎对维持双足站立姿势的能力有直接影响，这可能证实了艺术体操专业技能向双足姿势摆动“迁移”的假设，尤其是在中 - 侧方位移方面。这一发现此前在关于竞技体操运动员和芭蕾舞演员的研究中从未有过报道。此外，本研究证实了所有运动员在姿势测试中都依赖视觉，无论他们从事何种运动项目。
