Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 15;651(Pt 1):1476-1488. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.261. Epub 2018 Sep 21.
The identification and quantification of the PM emission sources influencing a specific area is vital to better assess the potential health effects related to the PM exposure of the local population. In this work, a multi-site PM sampling campaign was performed in seven sites located in the southern part of the Santander Bay (northern Spain), an urban area characterized by the proximity of some metal(loid) industrial sources (mainly a manganese alloy plant). The total content of V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sb and Pb was determined by ICP-MS. This multi-site dataset was evaluated by positive matrix factorization (PMF) in order to identify the main anthropogenic metal(loid) sources impacting the studied area, and to quantify their contribution to the measured metal(loid) levels. The attribution of the sources was done by comparing the factor profiles obtained by the PMF analysis with representative profiles from known metal(loid) sources in the area, included in both the European database SPECIEUROPE (V2.0) and the US database EPA-SPECIATE (V4.5) or calculated from literature data. In addition, conditional bivariate probability functions (CBPF)s were used to assist in the identification of the sources. Four metal(loid) sources were identified: Fugitive and point source emissions from the manganese alloy plant (49.9% and 9.9%, respectively), non-exhaust traffic emissions (38.3%) and a minor source of mixed origin (1.8%). The PMF analysis was able to make a clear separation between two different sources from the manganese alloy plant, which represented almost 60% of the total measured metal(loid) levels, >80% of these emissions being assigned to fugitive emissions. These results will be useful for the assessment of the health risk associated with PM-bound metal(loid) exposure and for the design of efficient abatement strategies in areas impacted by similar industries.
确定和量化影响特定区域的 PM 排放源对于更好地评估当地居民 PM 暴露相关的潜在健康影响至关重要。在这项工作中，在桑坦德湾（西班牙北部）南部的七个地点进行了多地点 PM 采样活动，该地区的特点是靠近一些金属（类）工业源（主要是锰合金厂）。采用 ICP-MS 测定 V、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Mo、Cd、Sb 和 Pb 的总量。通过正矩阵因子化（PMF）对多地点数据集进行了评估，以确定影响研究区域的主要人为金属（类）源，并量化它们对测量金属（类）水平的贡献。通过将 PMF 分析获得的因子谱与已知金属（类）源的代表性谱进行比较，对源进行归因，这些源包括欧洲数据库 SPECIEUROPE（V2.0）和美国数据库 EPA-SPECIATE（V4.5）中的已知金属（类）源，或根据文献数据计算得出。此外，还使用条件二元概率函数（CBPF）来帮助识别源。确定了四个金属（类）源：锰合金厂的逸散和点源排放（分别为 49.9%和 9.9%）、非排放交通排放（38.3%）和混合来源的次要源（1.8%）。PMF 分析能够清楚地区分来自锰合金厂的两个不同源，这两个源代表了总测量金属（类）水平的近 60%，其中超过 80%的排放归因于逸散排放。这些结果将有助于评估与 PM 结合的金属（类）暴露相关的健康风险，并为受类似工业影响的地区设计有效的减排策略。
