Dave Vivek, Yadav Renu Bala, Yadav Sachdev, Sharma Swapnil, Sahu Ram Kumar, Ajayi Ayodeji Folorunsho
Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
Department of Pharmacy, Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay Memorial Health Science and Ayush University of Chhattisgarh, Raipur, India.
Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2018;13(4):216-235. doi: 10.2174/1574884713666181025144845.
In the pharmaceutical sectors, the computer plays a crucial role as a commander of all the theoretical aspects and provides a workbench to improve the overall quality of pharmaceutical research and development. The aim of this article is to provide a computational approach to the development of numerous technology of computer software in the field of clinical pharmacokinetics. The computational technique practised by clinical pharmacist and scientist with the applied knowledge and skills in dealing with clinical pharmacokinetics problems can be applied in routine clinical practices.
To solve the various complicated pharmacokinetic equations and modeling of pharmacokinetic processes, various software were used like Population pharmacokinetics, Individual pharmacokinetics, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) pharmacokinetics, in - silico pharmacokinetics like Window-Based Non-linear model fitting (WinNonlin), Statistical Analysis Software (SAS), Non-linear Mixed Effects Modelling (NONMEM), PK Solution etc. Results: Various software's which was described in this paper help in the development of experimental study designs, statistical treatment of data and various simulation studies, etc. A robust software solution should be easy to use and address the three main parts of the PK-PD workflow like data management, analysis, and reporting. PK-PD software's allow researchers to predict ADME properties of new drug entity. For the study of the pharmacokinetic, the best software is WINBUGS where there is no limitation of dimensional array and size of the problem. The best software to be used for individual pharmacokinetics is T.D.M.S in which, we can apply Bayesian and least square method for curve fitting and it can be used for both linear and non-linear pharmacokinetic data.
Various software were discussed here. This software not only help in knowing the history of the software but also help in gaining more knowledge about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics simulation. Different software such as population pharmacokinetic, individual pharmacokinetic and others discussed in this article will help in the reporting and analyzing of data. The important points to be considered while selecting the software is also discussed which will help in easy accessing of software.
在制药领域，计算机作为所有理论方面的指挥者发挥着关键作用，并提供了一个提高药物研发整体质量的工作平台。本文旨在提供一种计算方法，用于临床药代动力学领域众多计算机软件技术的开发。临床药师和科学家运用处理临床药代动力学问题的应用知识和技能所实践的计算技术，可应用于常规临床实践。
为解决各种复杂的药代动力学方程和药代动力学过程建模问题，使用了各种软件，如群体药代动力学、个体药代动力学、吸收、分布、代谢和排泄（ADME）药代动力学、基于窗口的非线性模型拟合（WinNonlin）、统计分析软件（SAS）、非线性混合效应建模（NONMEM）、PK Solution等计算机模拟药代动力学软件。结果：本文中描述的各种软件有助于实验研究设计的开发、数据的统计处理以及各种模拟研究等。一个强大的软件解决方案应易于使用，并解决药代动力学 - 药效学工作流程的三个主要部分，即数据管理、分析和报告。药代动力学 - 药效学软件使研究人员能够预测新药物实体的ADME特性。对于药代动力学研究，最佳软件是WINBUGS，它不存在维数组和问题规模的限制。用于个体药代动力学的最佳软件是T.D.M.S，在其中我们可以应用贝叶斯和最小二乘法进行曲线拟合，并且它可用于线性和非线性药代动力学数据。
本文讨论了各种软件。这些软件不仅有助于了解软件的历史，还有助于获得更多关于药代动力学和药效学模拟的知识。本文讨论的不同软件，如群体药代动力学、个体药代动力学等，将有助于数据的报告和分析。还讨论了选择软件时应考虑的要点，这将有助于软件的便捷使用。
