a Department of Sport Engineering and Movement Science , Institute III: Philology, Philosophy, Sports Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2019 May;19(4):529-538. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1536170. Epub 2018 Oct 26.
Facial expressions play a crucial role in human daily life interactions, so it is possible that they contain relevant anticipatory cues. Therefore, we conducted two studies in karate kumite to analyse the influence of facial expressions on the attack recognition (study A) and on the response behaviour (study B). In study A, 10 karate athletes (age 14-26 years, national and international level) had to recognize temporally occluded karate attacks in 2 conditions (normal and blurred face of the attacker) and identify the upcoming attack (verbal reports). In study B, a natural fight was initiated with 12 karate athletes (age 15-32 years, national and international level) in 3 conditions: an attacker with a normal face, wearing a ski mask, and wearing a ski mask together with sunglasses. The measured parameters response quality and time for response were calculated applying the McNemar test (study A) and Friedman test (study B). Results of study A showed a significant improvement in the attack recognition in the blurred face condition compared to the normal face condition. In study B a significant improvement in time for response was observed in the ski mask and ski mask plus sunglasses conditions (r < 0.1). No significant difference for response quality was found in any of the three conditions. The results of our work indicate that the disguise of the attacker's face leads to a better attack recognition and response behaviour. We conclude that anticipatory cues in karate kumite context mainly lie in the attacker's movements and not in the attacker's face.
面部表情在人类日常生活互动中起着至关重要的作用，因此它们可能包含相关的预期线索。因此，我们在空手道实战中进行了两项研究，以分析面部表情对攻击识别（研究 A）和反应行为（研究 B）的影响。在研究 A 中，10 名空手道运动员（年龄 14-26 岁，国家级和国际级）必须在两种条件下（攻击者正常和模糊的面部）识别时间上被遮挡的空手道攻击，并识别即将到来的攻击（口头报告）。在研究 B 中，在三种条件下，用 12 名空手道运动员（年龄 15-32 岁，国家级和国际级）发起了一场自然战斗：攻击者戴着正常的面具、滑雪面罩和滑雪面罩加太阳镜。应用 McNemar 检验（研究 A）和 Friedman 检验（研究 B）计算了反应质量和反应时间的测量参数。研究 A 的结果表明，与正常面部条件相比，在模糊面部条件下攻击识别有显著提高。在研究 B 中，在滑雪面罩和滑雪面罩加太阳镜条件下，反应时间显著缩短（r<0.1）。在任何一种情况下，反应质量都没有显著差异。我们工作的结果表明，攻击者面部的伪装会导致更好的攻击识别和反应行为。我们得出结论，空手道实战中的预期线索主要在于攻击者的动作，而不是攻击者的面部。
