油菜素甾醇生物合成途径的最新进展：对新型油菜素甾醇捷径途径的见解
Recent advances in brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway: insight into novel brassinosteroid shortcut pathway.
作者信息
Ohnishi Toshiyuki
机构信息
College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
出版信息
J Pestic Sci. 2018 Aug 20;43(3):159-167. doi: 10.1584/jpestics.D18-040.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones involved in plant growth and environmental adaptation. It is well known that oxidation/hydroxylation steps in the BR biosynthetic pathway are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes. It has been proposed that brassinolide is biosynthesized from campesterol campestanol (CN) in the original BR biosynthetic pathway. However, a recent enzymatic analysis of cytochrome P450 enzymes and re-evaluation of the endogenous amount of BRs in BR-deficient mutants included an investigation of the novel BR biosynthetic pathway (CN-independent pathway) not via CN. This review highlights comprehensive recent advances in the biochemical research of BR biosynthetic enzymes and the CN-independent pathway. This review also focuses the biosynthesis inhibitors and the antagonists/agonists that are utilized not only as plant growth regulators but also as tools for the chemical and biological investigation of the physiological functions of BRs.
油菜素甾醇（BRs）是参与植物生长和环境适应的植物甾体激素。众所周知，BR生物合成途径中的氧化/羟基化步骤由细胞色素P450酶催化。有人提出，在原始的BR生物合成途径中，油菜素内酯是由菜油甾醇合成菜甾烷醇（CN）而来。然而，最近对细胞色素P450酶的酶学分析以及对BR缺陷突变体中BR内源含量的重新评估包括了对不通过CN的新型BR生物合成途径（非CN途径）的研究。本综述重点介绍了BR生物合成酶和非CN途径生化研究的最新综合进展。本综述还聚焦于生物合成抑制剂以及拮抗剂/激动剂，它们不仅用作植物生长调节剂，还用作BR生理功能化学和生物学研究的工具。
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