Functional characterization of an ER-stress responding Crustin gene in Litopenaeus vannamei.

Shrimp in culture ponds are challenged by various pathogens as well as harsh water environment. The innate immune system and environmental stress response system of shrimp paly an important role in shrimp survival and growth. For remission the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress caused by environmental stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) may reduce the synthesis of most proteins, including great mass of immune factors, which could weaken the immune function of shrimp. Therefore, how cells keep appropriate amount of immune factor synthesis under such a situation is critical important for shrimp health and growth. In this study, we cloned a new Crustin gene (LvCruU) from Litopenaeus vannamei. We showed that LvCruU has antibacterial activity, and reducing its expression would increase the cumulative mortality of L. vannamei upon the Vibrio parahemolyticus infection. In addition, we found that promoter activity of LvCruU was enhanced not only by the deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 (Deaf1), but also by activating transcription factor 3 (LvATF3) of shrimp UPR. Real-time RT-PCR showed that LvCruU and LvATF3 both were induced upon UPR activation. And moreover, in Thapsigargin plus dsLvCruU injection test, we showed that down-regulation of LvCruU increased the cumulative mortality of V. parahemolyticus-infected shrimp under ER-stress. These results suggest that LvCruU work as a downstream effector of UPR, and contribute to antimicrobic immune response upon ER-stress in L. vannamei.