Scocco P, Preti A, Totaro S, Corrigan P W, Castriotta C
SOPROXI, via Vesalio 10, Padova, Italy; Mental Health Center, via Buzzaccarini 1, ULSS 6 Euganea, Padova, Italy.
Genneruxi Medical Center, via Costantinopoli 42, Cagliari 09129, Italy.
J Affect Disord. 2019 Feb 1;244:223-230. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.098. Epub 2018 Oct 11.
The painful experience of mourning after suicide can be further complicated by the stigma surrounding suicide survival. We investigated how grief and depression influence the perception of stigma towards survivors in a sample of help-seeking persons bereaved through suicide.
Cross-sectional design. Information on sociodemographic variables and responses to the Stigma of Suicide Survivor Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) was collected from 240 people bereaved through suicide who consecutively accessed an online support initiative.
Despite the strong correlation between ICG and BDI scores, the intensity of depressive but not of grief symptoms was related to perceived stigma towards survivors. Time since loss was also positively related to levels of perceived stigma against survivors. The links between depression and perceived stigma persisted after taking into account relationship with the deceased and other sociodemographic factors.
The main study limitations are the cross-sectional design, reliance on self-report measures, and the self-selection of the sample of people bereaved through suicide, seeking help through a website. Social support was not measured and the sample included a large proportion of women.
Specific interventions designed for persons bereaved by suicide should consider that psychological distress and mourning are qualitatively different reactions to a suicide loss. The relationship among perceived stigma, depressive suffering and time elapsed since the suicide loss suggests the usefulness of closely investigating the experience of stigma in all people bereaved through suicide with depressive symptoms, even long after the event.
自杀后哀悼的痛苦经历可能会因围绕自杀幸存者的污名而进一步复杂化。我们调查了悲伤和抑郁如何影响在因自杀而失去亲人并寻求帮助的人群样本中对幸存者污名的认知。
采用横断面设计。从240名因自杀而失去亲人并连续参与一项在线支持倡议的人中收集了社会人口统计学变量信息，以及对自杀幸存者污名量表、贝克抑郁量表（BDI）和复杂悲伤量表（ICG）的回答。
尽管ICG和BDI得分之间存在很强的相关性，但抑郁症状而非悲伤症状的强度与对幸存者的污名认知有关。自失去亲人后的时间也与对幸存者的污名水平呈正相关。在考虑与死者的关系和其他社会人口统计学因素后，抑郁与污名认知之间的联系仍然存在。
主要研究局限性在于横断面设计、依赖自我报告测量方法，以及通过网站寻求帮助的因自杀而失去亲人的样本存在自我选择问题。未测量社会支持，且样本中女性比例较大。
为因自杀而失去亲人的人设计的特定干预措施应考虑到心理困扰和哀悼是对自杀损失的质的不同反应。污名认知、抑郁痛苦与自杀损失后经过的时间之间的关系表明，即使在事件发生很久之后，密切调查所有有抑郁症状的因自杀而失去亲人的人的污名经历也是有用的。
