School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, United States.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Feb 1;231:336-344. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.025. Epub 2018 Oct 23.
This study uses a longitudinal cross-national carcass database to analyze the relative effectiveness of community-based and national governance approaches at conserving elephant populations. Controlling for variables previously identified as impacting poaching levels, an increase in land area under either community or national governance is found to be correlated with an increased likelihood of illegal elephant deaths, with community-based governance being associated with an increase roughly twice that of national governance. This finding suggests that community-based governance may be less effective than national governance at protecting commercially valuable wildlife such as elephants, but neither approach has been able to demonstrate sustained success. Consequently, rather than declaring either conservation approach as clearly preferable, policymakers should instead focus on ensuring that selected conservation approaches are tailored to site-specific natural, institutional, and socio-economic characteristics.
本研究利用一个纵向跨国胴体数据库，分析了以社区为基础和国家治理的相对有效性，以保护大象种群。在控制先前确定的影响偷猎水平的变量后，发现无论是社区还是国家治理下的土地面积增加，都与非法大象死亡的可能性增加有关，而以社区为基础的治理与国家治理的增加大致呈两倍关系。这一发现表明，以社区为基础的治理在保护商业价值高的野生动物（如大象）方面可能不如国家治理有效，但两种方法都未能取得持续成功。因此，政策制定者不应宣称任何一种保护方法都明显更优，而应将重点放在确保选择的保护方法适合特定地点的自然、制度和社会经济特征上。
