Schmitz F J, Bosse U
Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1987 Apr;47(4):249-53. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1035817.
The techniques associated with immunohistochemistry are of major interest in modern tumour diagnosis. Their simple application provides a wider scope for diagnosis by increasing the possibilities of characterising tumour cells. In particular, the combination of various tumour markers has led to a better understanding of tumour histogenesis. If the primary tumour is unknown and only metastases are available for diagnosis, further important information can be gained allowing a correlation with the origin of the metastases. In three own cases an occult carcinoma of the female breast could be diagnosed pre-operatively via immunohistochemistry techniques. Since no marker is available that reacts specifically with cells of metastasizing mammary cancer, lymph node metastases have been examined with several different markers. For that purpose, the epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), Thomsen-Friedenreich-antigen (T-Ag) and alpha-lactalbumin (ALA) have been used to point out several pathways of cell metabolism. It could be demonstrated that the prospective use of the three markers is of the highest value to make diagnosis easier and safer than by interpreting the morphological appearance. The diagnostic value of tumour markers is an important step forward, especially in the interpretation of tumour cell embolism, macrometastases and micrometastases in regional lymph nodes.
免疫组织化学相关技术在现代肿瘤诊断中备受关注。其简单应用通过增加肿瘤细胞特征化的可能性，为诊断提供了更广阔的空间。特别是，多种肿瘤标志物的联合使用使人们对肿瘤组织发生有了更好的理解。如果原发性肿瘤未知，仅能对转移灶进行诊断，那么通过免疫组织化学技术可以获得更多重要信息，从而将转移灶与原发部位联系起来。在我们自己的三例病例中，通过免疫组织化学技术在术前诊断出了隐匿性乳腺癌。由于没有一种标志物能特异性地与转移性乳腺癌细胞反应，因此我们用几种不同的标志物对淋巴结转移灶进行了检测。为此，上皮膜抗原（EMA）、汤姆森-弗里德赖希抗原（T-Ag）和α-乳白蛋白（ALA）被用于指出细胞代谢的几种途径。结果表明，与仅通过形态学表现进行判断相比，联合使用这三种标志物对于更轻松、更安全地进行诊断具有极高的价值。肿瘤标志物的诊断价值是向前迈出的重要一步，尤其在解释区域淋巴结中的肿瘤细胞栓塞、大转移灶和微转移灶方面。
