Mulder Riaan
Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X1, Tygerberg, 7505 Cape Town, South Africa.
Open Dent J. 2018 Sep 28;12:647-654. doi: 10.2174/1745017901814010647. eCollection 2018.
The Powder/Liquid Ratio (PLR) influence, and the literature regarding the handling and physical properties of Glass Ionomer restorative materials (GIC) were investigated.
The objective of the study was to compare the PLR variability and magnitude in hand-mix GICs, as dispensed for clinical use. From the recorded individual powder and liquid weights, additional comparisons could be made by pairing the various "extreme" outer observations in relation to the manufacturer's PLR.
The materials assessed were Ketac Universal Hand-mix (KUH), Riva Self Cure Hand-mix (RSCH) and Fuji IX GP Hand-mix (FIXH). Twenty scoops of powder were paired with twenty drops of liquid, as would be the case in the clinical scenario. Statistical analysis was completed with the Kruskal Wallis H test, Intraclass Correlation (ICC) and straight line regressions with One-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey HSD Test (<0.05 was considered significant).
The powder and liquid observations indicate a lack of consistency in both the powder and liquid dispersions. The volume remained "one drop" but the weights were much lower than the manufacturer's recommended drop weight for some observations, due to air in the liquid drop. The Kruskal-Wallis H test indicated significant differences (=0.0001) between the three materials for the paired PLRs. The One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD Test were used to compare the recommended PLR to the results and the significant differences (<0.01).
The recommended manufacturers' powder and liquid weights were KUH 0.150/0.05g; RSC 0.165/0.035; FIXH 0.18/0.05, respectively. KUH, FIXH and RSCH liquid had powder and liquid dispersions above the manufacturer's recommendations. FIXH had the most paired PLR observations within the ±10% range followed by KUH. Extreme powder and liquid combinations could occur in the clinical scenario and these combinations were considered.
研究了粉液比（PLR）的影响以及关于玻璃离子修复材料（GIC）操作和物理性能的文献。
本研究的目的是比较临床使用时手动混合GIC中PLR的变异性和大小。根据记录的粉末和液体的个体重量，通过将各种“极端”外部观察结果与制造商的PLR进行配对，可以进行额外的比较。
评估的材料为Ketac Universal Hand-mix（KUH）、Riva Self Cure Hand-mix（RSCH）和Fuji IX GP Hand-mix（FIXH）。按照临床情况，将20勺粉末与20滴液体配对。使用Kruskal Wallis H检验、组内相关系数（ICC）以及单因素方差分析和事后Tukey HSD检验的直线回归进行统计分析（P<0.05被认为具有显著性）。
粉末和液体的观察结果表明，粉末和液体分散体均缺乏一致性。体积保持为“一滴”，但由于液滴中有空气，对于某些观察结果，重量远低于制造商推荐的滴重。Kruskal-Wallis H检验表明，三种材料的配对PLR之间存在显著差异（P=0.000）。使用单因素方差分析和事后Tukey HSD检验将推荐的PLR与结果进行比较，差异显著（P<0.01）。
制造商推荐的粉末和液体重量分别为KUH 0.150/0.05g；RSC 0.165/0.035；FIXH 0.18/0.05。KUH、FIXH和RSCH的液体粉末和液体分散体高于制造商的建议。FIXH在±10%范围内的配对PLR观察结果最多，其次是KUH。在临床情况下可能会出现极端的粉末和液体组合，并对这些组合进行了考虑。
