Dairy Goat Co-operative (NZ) Ltd, 18 Gallagher Drive, Hamilton 3206, New Zealand.
Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Ruakura, 10 Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand.
Food Chem. 2019 Feb 15;274:886-890. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.069. Epub 2018 Sep 11.
Production of infant formulas involves high temperature processing for microbiological safety. However, heat processes generate Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs), including N-carboxymethyllysine (CML) formed between lysine and lactose. Formulas manufactured from cow or goat milk, with or without whey adjustment, or hydrolysates of cow whey proteins, were tested for CML levels using a commercially available ELISA kit. CML concentrations ranged from 2 to 210 µg/g protein in formulas containing intact proteins. Median CML concentrations were up to 3-fold greater in formulas containing 60% whey protein compared with 20% whey protein, for both cow and goat formulas. Goat milk formulas contained 7 to 12-fold less CML than cow milk formulas. Formulas made from intact proteins contained lower CML compared to formulas using whey hydrolysates. Western immunoblotting techniques detected higher CML levels in whey proteins compared with casein. This study showed whey addition to infant formula significantly contributes to CML levels.
婴儿配方奶粉的生产需要进行高温处理以确保微生物安全。然而，热加工过程会产生高级糖基化终产物（AGEs），包括赖氨酸和乳糖之间形成的 N-羧甲基赖氨酸（CML）。使用市售 ELISA 试剂盒检测了来自牛奶或羊奶的配方奶粉（有无乳清调整）或牛奶乳清蛋白水解物中的 CML 水平。含有完整蛋白质的配方中 CML 浓度范围为 2 至 210μg/g 蛋白质。对于牛配方和羊配方，含有 60%乳清蛋白的配方中的 CML 浓度中位数比含有 20%乳清蛋白的配方高 3 倍。羊奶配方中的 CML 含量比牛奶配方低 7 至 12 倍。与使用乳清水解物的配方相比，含有完整蛋白质的配方中的 CML 含量较低。Western 免疫印迹技术检测到乳清蛋白中的 CML 水平高于酪蛋白。本研究表明，乳清添加到婴儿配方奶粉中会显著增加 CML 水平。
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