精英青少年男性足球运动员的口腔健康和固定正畸矫治器与运动损伤及姿势稳定性有关吗？
Are oral health and fixed orthodontic appliances associated with sports injuries and postural stability in elite junior male soccer players?
作者信息
Solleveld Henny, Flutter John, Goedhart Arnold, VandenBossche Luc
机构信息
SportsInjuryLab, PO Box 3141, 3760 DC Soest, Netherlands.
General Dentist, 117 Warry Street, Fortitude Valley, 4006 Australia.
出版信息
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2018 Oct 20;10:16. doi: 10.1186/s13102-018-0105-5. eCollection 2018.
BACKGROUND
Dental caries and periodontitis are associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines which may trigger muscle fatigue during exercise, a strong risk factor for sports injuries. Fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA) may cause poor oral health and may disturb proprioceptive inputs of the stomatognathic system. This study aims to explore associations of poor oral health and of use of a FOA with injury frequency and postural stability.
METHODS
One hundred eighty seven Belgian elite junior male soccer players, aged 12-17 years, completed a self-report questionnaire asking about injuries in the past year, oral health problems, use of a FOA, demographics and sports data, and stood in unipedal stance with eyes closed on a force plate to assess postural stability.
RESULTS
Ordinal logistic regression with number of injuries in the past year as ordinal dependent variable and dental caries and/or gum problems, age and player position as covariates, showed that participants who reported dental caries and/or gum problems and never had had a FOA reported significant more injuries in the past year compared to the reference group of participants who reported no oral health problems and never had had a FOA (adjusted OR = 2.45; 95% CI, 1.19-5.05; = 0.015). A 2 (temporomandibular joint problems) × 2 (FOA) × 2 (age) ANOVA with postural stabilities as dependent variables, showed a significant FOA x age interaction for the non-dominant (standing) leg. Post-hoc t-tests showed a significant better postural stability for the non-dominant leg (and a trend for the dominant leg) for the older compared with the younger participants in the non-FOA group ( = .002, ES = 0.61), while no age differences were found in the FOA-group.
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that poor oral health may be an injury risk factor and that a FOA may hinder the development of body postural stability.
背景
龋齿和牙周炎与促炎细胞因子水平升高有关，这可能会在运动过程中引发肌肉疲劳，而肌肉疲劳是运动损伤的一个重要风险因素。固定正畸矫治器（FOA）可能会导致口腔健康状况不佳，并可能干扰口颌系统的本体感觉输入。本研究旨在探讨口腔健康不佳和使用FOA与损伤频率及姿势稳定性之间的关联。
方法
187名年龄在12至17岁之间的比利时精英青少年男性足球运动员完成了一份自我报告问卷，问卷内容包括过去一年的受伤情况、口腔健康问题、FOA的使用情况、人口统计学和运动数据，并站在测力板上闭眼单脚站立以评估姿势稳定性。
结果
以过去一年的受伤次数为有序因变量，龋齿和/或牙龈问题、年龄和球员位置为协变量进行有序逻辑回归分析，结果显示，与报告无口腔健康问题且从未使用过FOA的参考组参与者相比，报告有龋齿和/或牙龈问题且从未使用过FOA的参与者在过去一年中报告的受伤次数明显更多（调整后的OR = 2.45；95% CI，1.19 - 5.05；P = 0.015）。以姿势稳定性为因变量进行的2（颞下颌关节问题）×2（FOA）×2（年龄）方差分析显示，非优势（站立）腿存在显著的FOA×年龄交互作用。事后t检验显示，在非FOA组中，年龄较大的参与者与年龄较小的参与者相比，非优势腿的姿势稳定性显著更好（优势腿也有趋势）（P = 0.002，ES = 0.61），而在FOA组中未发现年龄差异。
结论
这些结果表明，口腔健康不佳可能是一个损伤风险因素，并且FOA可能会阻碍身体姿势稳定性的发展。
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