Bersch Kristina, Lobos Matthei Ignacio, Thoms Sven
Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
Subcell Biochem. 2018;89:201-219. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-2233-4_8.
In a compartmentalized cell, correct protein localization is crucial for function of virtually all cellular processes. From the cytoplasm as a starting point, proteins are imported into organelles by specific targeting signals. Many proteins, however, act in more than one cellular compartment. In this chapter, we discuss mechanisms by which proteins can be targeted to multiple organelles with a focus on a novel gene regulatory mechanism, functional translational readthrough, that permits multiple targeting of proteins to the peroxisome and other organelles. In mammals, lactate and malate dehydrogenase are the best-characterized enzymes whose targeting is controlled by functional translational readthrough.
在一个具有区室化结构的细胞中，正确的蛋白质定位对于几乎所有细胞过程的功能都至关重要。以细胞质为起点，蛋白质通过特定的靶向信号被导入细胞器。然而，许多蛋白质在不止一个细胞区室中发挥作用。在本章中，我们将讨论蛋白质能够靶向多个细胞器的机制，重点关注一种新的基因调控机制——功能性翻译通读，它允许蛋白质多重靶向过氧化物酶体和其他细胞器。在哺乳动物中，乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶是其靶向受功能性翻译通读控制的特征最为明确的酶。
