A regional framework for action on substance use and public health (Editorial).

Substance use is a public health problem worldwide. According to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimates, there has been an increase of more than 10% over recent years in cannabis use in 9 countries in the Region; while the prevalence of opiate use in Afghanistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan is among the highest in the world. The estimated prevalence for drug dependence in the North Africa and Middle East region is 0.29%, which is 1.3 times higher than the global prevalence. Emergencies and civil unrest are known as important factors in the exacerbation of the situation.