University of Chicago, School of Social Service Administration, 969 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, School of Social Work, 1010 W. Nevada Street Urbana, IL 61801.
Child Abuse Negl. 2018 Dec;86:235-246. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.10.007. Epub 2018 Oct 26.
Women involved in the criminal justice system experience multiple forms of adversity over their lifetimes. These events may include childhood abuse, involvement in the child welfare system as children, intimate partner violence victimization during adulthood, and punitive interactions with the child welfare system as mothers. Community supervision (e.g. probation or parole) entails particular stressors, such as obtaining basic needs and employment. A majority of women under community supervision also experience depression and anxiety. The current study used the Stress Process Model to investigate associations between childhood and adulthood stressors (including childhood abuse, intimate partner violence and child welfare system involvement), recent stressful life events, and symptoms of depression and anxiety for mothers (n = 348) on probation and parole. All of the mothers had experienced some form of childhood and/or adulthood victimization. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine how childhood abuse, adulthood victimization, and child welfare system involvement as a child and a mother were associated with recent stressful life events and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results indicated multiple direct and indirect relationships from childhood and adulthood stressors to mental health symptoms as women navigated probation and parole. For example, adverse childhood experiences were associated with elevated anxiety and depression symptoms via higher levels of recent stressful life events and adverse adulthood experiences. These findings highlight relationships between childhood abuse and adulthood factors and the mental health of mothers involved in the criminal justice system, with implications for theory, practice, and research.
参与刑事司法系统的女性在其一生中经历多种形式的逆境。这些事件可能包括儿童时期的虐待、儿童时期参与儿童福利系统、成年期遭受亲密伴侣暴力侵害，以及作为母亲与儿童福利系统的惩罚性互动。社区监管（例如缓刑或假释）带来了特殊的压力源，例如满足基本需求和就业。大多数处于社区监管下的女性也经历着抑郁和焦虑。本研究使用应激过程模型，调查了童年和成年期应激源（包括儿童期虐待、亲密伴侣暴力和儿童福利系统的参与）、近期生活压力事件，以及缓刑和假释中的母亲（n=348）抑郁和焦虑症状之间的关联。所有母亲都经历过某种形式的童年和/或成年期受害。结构方程模型用于检验童年期虐待、成年期受害以及作为孩子和母亲时儿童福利系统的参与，如何与近期生活压力事件和抑郁及焦虑症状相关。结果表明，女性在缓刑和假释期间，童年和成年期的应激源与心理健康症状之间存在多种直接和间接关系。例如，不良的童年经历通过更高水平的近期生活压力事件和不良的成年经历，与焦虑和抑郁症状的升高有关。这些发现突出了儿童期虐待和成年因素与参与刑事司法系统的母亲心理健康之间的关系，对理论、实践和研究都具有重要意义。
