Hanks Jenny E, Glanville Elsa J, Phyu Ei, Hlaing Nandar, Naing Oo Lwin, Aung Aung, Naing Oo Kyaw, Campbell Angus J D
Mackinnon Project, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.
Mackinnon Project, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.
Prev Vet Med. 2018 Nov 15;160:47-53. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.09.024. Epub 2018 Sep 24.
A novel syndromic surveillance approach was used to describe small ruminant health in Myanmar, to help overcome limitations in disease diagnosis common in many parts of the world, especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Observations were made from July 2015 to June 2016 of ten clinical syndromes in 12 goat herds and sheep flocks owned by smallholders in the Central Dry Zone. Strengths and weaknesses to using syndromic surveillance in a village setting were identified using a formal surveillance evaluation framework, 'SERVAL'. Larger reporting teams made disproportionately more reports than smaller ones (86% compared to 14% of all reports, with a reporting rate ratio of 4.3 95% CI 3.5-5.4), which may have affected surveillance sensitivity. The benefits of the syndromic surveillance included its relatively low cost and ability to produce quantitative disease estimates that could be used to prioritise further disease investigation and extension activities. In particular, significant mortality was observed, with monthly mortality of 3.0% (95% CI 2.5-3.7%) and 0.28% (0.15-0.53%) in young and adult animals, respectively, and a population attributable fraction of mortality for young animals of 82% (68-91%). Mortality was associated with ill-thrift in young animals but had not previously been considered an important production-limiting condition in Myanmar. This information contributes to an understanding of the prevalence of excessive mortality in smallholder goat and sheep production systems. It is a practical example of the use of syndromic surveillance in a LMIC livestock production system, the results of which can direct future disease research, treatment and prevention to improve the health and productivity of small ruminants in Myanmar.
一种新型的症状监测方法被用于描述缅甸小反刍动物的健康状况，以帮助克服世界许多地区（尤其是低收入和中等收入国家）常见的疾病诊断局限性。于2015年7月至2016年6月对中部干旱地区小农户拥有的12个山羊群和绵羊群中的十种临床综合征进行了观察。使用正式的监测评估框架“SERVAL”确定了在村庄环境中使用症状监测的优点和缺点。较大的报告团队所做的报告比例远高于较小的团队（分别占所有报告的86%和14%，报告率比为4.3，95%置信区间为3.5 - 5.4），这可能影响了监测的敏感性。症状监测的好处包括成本相对较低，以及能够得出可用于确定进一步疾病调查和推广活动优先级的疾病定量估计值。特别是，观察到了显著的死亡率，幼畜和成年畜的月死亡率分别为3.0%（95%置信区间2.5 - 3.7%）和0.28%（0.15 - 0.53%），幼畜死亡的人群归因分数为82%（68 - 91%）。幼畜死亡率与生长不良有关，但此前在缅甸未被视为重要的生产限制因素。这些信息有助于了解小农户山羊和绵羊生产系统中过高死亡率的流行情况。这是在低收入和中等收入国家畜牧生产系统中使用症状监测的一个实际例子，其结果可为未来的疾病研究、治疗和预防提供指导，以改善缅甸小反刍动物的健康和生产力。
