Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
Top Curr Chem (Cham). 2018 Nov 3;376(6):43. doi: 10.1007/s41061-018-0221-4.
In biological systems, the majority of chemistry occurs in enzymatic pathways. Pathways are essentially cascades of protein catalysts used for catabolism or metabolism. However, in cellular-free systems, catalytic cascades have been rarely studied until recently. This review will introduce the lessons that can be learned from in vivo enzymatic pathways and novel enzymatic pathways that have been developed for synthetic biology of electrochemical energy production and conversion. This review will also discuss the recent bio-inspired developments to utilize catalytic cascades for non-biological applications ranging from energy conversion to biosensing and the electrochemical production of important chemicals such as methanol from carbon dioxide and ammonia from agricultural waste runoff.
在生物系统中，大多数化学反应都发生在酶促途径中。途径本质上是用于分解代谢或代谢的蛋白质催化剂的级联。然而，直到最近，无细胞系统中的催化级联才很少被研究。本综述将介绍可以从体内酶促途径和为电化学能量产生和转化的合成生物学开发的新型酶促途径中吸取的经验教训。本综述还将讨论最近受生物启发的发展，以利用催化级联进行非生物应用，从能量转换到生物传感，以及从二氧化碳电化学生产甲醇和农业废水径流中电化学生产氨等重要化学品。
