Królasik Agnieszka, Paradowska-Stankiewicz Iwona
National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw, Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance
Przegl Epidemiol. 2018;72(3):293-301. doi: 10.32394/pe.72.3.6.
Meningitis and encephalitis are febrile diseases with varying degrees of severity, rich symptomatology and differentiated course depending on the etiological factor and individual sensitivity. In severe cases, it can quickly lead to shock and death. mAbout 3000 cases of meningitis and encephalitis are registered in Poland each year. They constitute a serious diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Among the cases of cerebrospinal meningitis and / or encephalitis, confirmed by laboratory tests, the most common are Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Among viral neuroinfections, tick-borne encephalitis predominates.
The aim of the study is to assess the epidemiological situation of meningitis and / or encephalomyelitis in Poland in 2016. and comparison of the results obtained with the epidemiological situation in previous years.
Analysis and assessment of the epidemiological situation of the occurrence of meningitis and / or encephalomyelitis in Poland in 2016. was based on the results of the analysis of aggregate data published in the annual bulletins: “Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2016” and “Protective Vaccination in Poland in 2016. (Czarkowski MP. Et al., Warsaw, NIZP-PZH, GIS). In addition, the recommendations from the Protective Vaccine Program for 2016 were used.
In 2016, in Poland, there were a total of 3,191 cases of meningitis and / or encephalitis (incidence 7.6 per 100,000), which increased by 14.5% compared to 2015. The prevalences of viral etiology were they were responsible for 43.49% of cases of neuroinfections. Among the specific neuroinfections with viral etiology, up to 74.67% were tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Disorders of bacterial etiology were the cause of 30.08% of all cases, which is an increase of 6.35% compared to 2015.
In 2016, the total increase in meningitis and / or brain inflammation was recorded in Poland. In comparison to 2015, it was an increase of 14.5%. Most of these infections were infections caused by viruses - 43.49%. 2016 was another period in which a decline in bacterial etiology was noted, which may result from the fact that more protective vaccinations were carried out in this area. It is necessary to continue educational activities aimed at raising the level of knowledge of the general public in the area of the ability to prevent infectious diseases through vaccination.
脑膜炎和脑炎是发热性疾病，严重程度各异，症状丰富，病程因病因和个体敏感性而异。在严重情况下，可迅速导致休克和死亡。波兰每年登记约3000例脑膜炎和脑炎病例。它们构成了严重的诊断和治疗问题。在经实验室检查确诊的脑脊膜炎和/或脑炎病例中，最常见的是脑膜炎奈瑟菌和肺炎链球菌。在病毒性神经感染中，蜱传脑炎占主导地位。
本研究的目的是评估2016年波兰脑膜炎和/或脑脊髓炎的流行病学情况，并将所得结果与前几年的流行病学情况进行比较。
对2016年波兰脑膜炎和/或脑脊髓炎发病的流行病学情况进行分析和评估，依据年度公报中公布的汇总数据分析结果：《2016年波兰的传染病和中毒》以及《2016年波兰的预防性疫苗接种》（M.P.恰尔科夫斯基等人，华沙，国家公共卫生研究所 - 国家卫生基金，地理信息系统）。此外，还采用了2016年预防性疫苗接种计划的建议。
2016年，波兰共有3191例脑膜炎和/或脑炎病例（发病率为每10万人7.6例），与2015年相比增加了14.5%。病毒病因导致的病例占神经感染病例的43.49%。在特定的病毒病因神经感染中，高达74.67%为蜱传脑炎（TBE）。细菌病因导致的疾病占所有病例的30.08%，与2015年相比增加了6.35%。
2016年，波兰记录到脑膜炎和/或脑部炎症病例总数有所增加。与2015年相比，增加了14.5%。这些感染大多是由病毒引起的——占43.49%。2016年是细菌性病因病例数量再次下降的时期，这可能是由于该领域进行了更多的预防性疫苗接种。有必要继续开展教育活动，以提高公众在通过接种疫苗预防传染病能力方面的知识水平。
