Facultad de Ciencias Fisico Matematicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla. Puebla, Puebla, Mexico, Address: Avenida San Claudio y 18 Sur, Colonia San Manuel, Edificio FM1-101B, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
Departamento de Imagenologia, Hospital Infantil de Mexico "Federico Gomez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Address: Calle Dr. Marquez 162, Cuauhtemoc, 06720 Ciudad de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2019;18(1):63-77. doi: 10.2174/1871527317666181105105113.
Impulsivity is a complex multi-dimensional combination of behaviors which include: ineffective impulse control, premature decision-making and inability to delay gratification.
The aim of this work was to explore how food odor perception and its emotional value is affected in impulsive children.
Here we compared two cohorts of impulsive and control children with ages between 10 and 16 years. Both groups underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, in which foodrelated odor-cues were presented to all of them.
Differences in regions of blood oxygen level dependent activation, as well as connectivity, were calculated. Activations were significant for all odors in the impulsive group in the temporal lobe, cerebellum, supplementary motor area, frontal cortex, medial cingulate cortex, insula, precuneus, precentral, para-hippocampal and calcarine cortices.
Connectivity results showed that the expected emotional reward, based on odor perceived and processed in temporal lobes, was the main cue driving responses of impulsive children. This was followed by self-consciousness, the sensation of interaction with the surroundings and feelings of comfort and happiness, modulated by the precuneus together with somatosensory cortex and cingulum. Furthermore, reduced connectivity to frontal areas as well as to other sensory integration areas (piriform cortex), combined to show different sensory processing strategies for olfactory emotional cues in impulsive children. Finally, we hypothesize that the cerebellum plays a pivotal role in modulating decision-making for impulsive children.
冲动是一种复杂的多维行为组合，包括：无效的冲动控制、过早的决策制定以及无法延迟满足。
本研究旨在探索冲动儿童的食物气味感知及其情绪价值是如何受到影响的。
我们比较了两组年龄在 10 至 16 岁之间的冲动和对照组儿童。所有儿童均接受了功能性磁共振成像实验，其中呈现了与食物相关的气味线索。
计算了血氧水平依赖激活以及连通性的差异。在冲动组中，所有气味都在颞叶、小脑、辅助运动区、额叶皮层、内侧扣带皮层、脑岛、楔前叶、中央前回、旁海马回和距状皮层中产生了显著的激活。
连通性结果表明，基于在颞叶中感知和处理的气味所预期的情绪奖励是驱动冲动儿童反应的主要线索。其次是自我意识，即与周围环境相互作用的感觉以及舒适和快乐的感觉，由楔前叶与躯体感觉皮层和扣带共同调节。此外，与额叶区域以及其他感觉整合区域（梨状皮层）的连通性降低，共同表明冲动儿童对嗅觉情绪线索有不同的感觉处理策略。最后，我们假设小脑在调节冲动儿童的决策方面起着关键作用。
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