Erhardt W, Stephan M, Geissdörfer K, Schindele M, Ascherl R, Stemberger A
Tierarztl Prax. 1987;15(2):213-8.
The short introduction gives a review on the complex of exogen and endogen opioids and their receptors as well as on their pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of naloxone. The clinical efficacy of naloxone as an opioid antagonist is described. Applications of naloxone for the dog are specified: antagonisation of etorphine, morphine, levomethadone and fentanyl, antagonisation of exogen and endogen opioids in puppies and treatment of lactomania in the bitch. The mean effective dose to antagonize morphines is 0.003 mg/kg bodyweight. If persisting analgesia is indicated the dose of naloxone in titrating steps in 0.001 mg/kg bw. To antagonize postpartal hypoxia in puppies 0.02 mg per animal naloxone have to be injected. For treatment of lactomania a dose of 0.01 mg/kg bodyweight twice a day for a couple of days is recommended. The clinical effectivity of naloxone is proved doubtlessly. Compatibility and safety are very high.
简短的介绍回顾了外源性和内源性阿片类药物及其受体的复合物，以及纳洛酮的药效学、药代动力学和毒性。描述了纳洛酮作为阿片类拮抗剂的临床疗效。明确了纳洛酮在犬类中的应用：拮抗埃托啡、吗啡、左美沙酮和芬太尼，拮抗幼犬的外源性和内源性阿片类药物，以及治疗母犬的泌乳狂。拮抗吗啡的平均有效剂量为0.003毫克/千克体重。如果需要持续镇痛，纳洛酮的剂量以0.001毫克/千克体重的滴定步骤给药。为拮抗幼犬产后缺氧，每只动物必须注射0.02毫克纳洛酮。对于泌乳狂的治疗，建议每天两次，每次0.01毫克/千克体重，持续几天。纳洛酮的临床有效性无疑得到了证实。其兼容性和安全性非常高。
