Jimenez Rosario, Molina Lilia, Zarei Iman, Lapis Jennine Rose, Chavez Ruben, Cuevas Rosa Paula O, Sreenivasulu Nese
International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1892:109-135. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8914-0_7.
Rice varietal development and improvement programs are constantly seeking means to shorten the breeding cycle in order to deliver new, consumer-acceptable rice varieties to farmers and to consumers. Advances in molecular biology technologies have enabled breeders to use high-throughput genotyping to screen breeding lines. However, current phenotyping technologies, particularly for rice cooking and eating properties, have yet to match the efficiency of genotyping methodologies. A high-throughput and cost-effective phenotyping suite is essential because without phenotype, the value of genotypic information cannot be maximized. In this book chapter, we explore the application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a high-throughput and nondestructive approach in characterizing rice grains, primarily describing method development and validation, instrument calibration, upgrading, and maintenance. We then focus on estimating protein content (PC) in brown rice as a case study because (1) PC is an attribute that contributes to the cooking behavior and the eating properties of cooked rice; and (2) proteins contain chemical bonds that can easily be detected by NIRS.
水稻品种培育与改良项目一直在探寻缩短育种周期的方法，以便向农民和消费者提供新的、为消费者所接受的水稻品种。分子生物学技术的进步使育种者能够利用高通量基因分型来筛选育种品系。然而，目前的表型分析技术，特别是针对稻米蒸煮和食用品质的技术，尚未达到基因分型方法的效率。一套高通量且经济高效的表型分析套件至关重要，因为没有表型，基因型信息的价值就无法最大化。在本章中，我们探讨近红外光谱（NIRS）的应用，这是一种用于表征稻谷的高通量、非破坏性方法，主要描述方法的开发与验证、仪器校准、升级及维护。然后，我们以糙米蛋白质含量（PC）估计为例进行重点研究，原因如下：（1）PC是影响米饭蒸煮行为和食用品质的一个特性；（2）蛋白质含有能被NIRS轻松检测到的化学键。
