Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
Department of Biology, Wilfred Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada.
Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 6;8(1):16370. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34760-6.
Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is the causative agent of a lymphoproliferative disease, Marek's disease (MD) in chickens. MD is only controlled by mass vaccination; however, immunity induced by MD vaccines is unable to prevent MDV replication and transmission. The herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) vaccine is one of the most widely used MD vaccines in poultry industry. Vaccines can be adjuvanted with Toll-like receptor ligands (TLR-Ls) to enhance their efficacy. In this study, we examined whether combining TLR-Ls with HVT can boost host immunity against MD and improve its efficacy. Results demonstrated that HVT alone or HVT combined with encapsulated CpG-ODN partially protected chickens from tumor incidence and reduced virus replication compared to the control group. However, encapsulated CpG-ODN only moderately, but not significantly, improved HVT efficacy and reduced tumor incidence from 53% to 33%. Further investigation of cytokine gene profiles in spleen and bursa of Fabricius revealed an inverse association between interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-18 expression and protection conferred by different treatments. In addition, the results of this study raise the possibility that interferon (IFN)-β and IFN-γ induced by the treatments may exert anti-viral responses against MDV replication in the bursa of Fabricius at early stage of MDV infection in chickens.
马立克氏病病毒（MDV）是一种淋巴增生性疾病，即马立克氏病（MD）的病原体。MD 只能通过大规模接种疫苗来控制；然而，MD 疫苗诱导的免疫并不能阻止 MDV 的复制和传播。火鸡疱疹病毒（HVT）疫苗是家禽业中使用最广泛的 MD 疫苗之一。疫苗可以用 Toll 样受体配体（TLR-Ls）进行佐剂处理，以提高其效力。在这项研究中，我们研究了 TLR-Ls 与 HVT 联合使用是否可以增强宿主对 MD 的免疫力并提高其效力。结果表明，与对照组相比，单独使用 HVT 或 HVT 联合包封 CpG-ODN 可部分保护鸡免受肿瘤发病率的影响，并降低病毒复制。然而，包封 CpG-ODN 仅适度而非显著提高了 HVT 的效力，并将肿瘤发病率从 53%降低至 33%。进一步研究脾脏和法氏囊的细胞因子基因谱表明，白细胞介素（IL）-10 和 IL-18 的表达与不同处理方式赋予的保护呈负相关。此外，这项研究的结果提出了一种可能性，即处理方式诱导的干扰素（IFN）-β 和 IFN-γ 可能在 MDV 感染鸡早期的法氏囊中发挥抗病毒反应，从而抑制 MDV 的复制。
