Department of Biology, 208 Erwin W. Mueller Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Mol Ecol. 2019 Mar;28(6):1283-1301. doi: 10.1111/mec.14923. Epub 2018 Dec 10.
The gene arrangements of Drosophila have played a prominent role in the history of evolutionary biology from the original quantification of genetic diversity to current studies of the mechanisms for the origin and establishment of new inversion mutations within populations and their subsequent fixation between species supporting reproductive barriers. This review examines the genetic causes and consequences of inversions as recombination suppressors and the role that recombination suppression plays in establishing inversions in populations as they are involved in adaptation within heterogeneous environments. This often results in the formation of clines of gene arrangement frequencies among populations. Recombination suppression leads to the differentiation of the gene arrangements which may accelerate the accumulation of fixed genetic differences among populations. If these fixed mutations cause incompatibilities, then inversions pose important reproductive barriers between species. This review uses the evolution of inversions in Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis as a case study for how inversions originate, establish and contribute to the evolution of reproductive isolation.
果蝇的基因排列在进化生物学的历史中扮演了重要的角色，从最初对遗传多样性的量化到当前对种群中新倒位突变的起源和建立机制以及它们在物种间随后固定支持生殖隔离的研究。这篇综述考察了倒位作为重组抑制因子的遗传原因和后果，以及在种群中建立倒位时重组抑制所起的作用，因为它们参与了异质环境中的适应。这通常导致种群之间的基因排列频率形成梯度。重组抑制导致基因排列的分化，这可能加速种群之间固定遗传差异的积累。如果这些固定的突变导致不相容性，那么倒位就在物种之间形成了重要的生殖隔离。本综述以黑腹果蝇和拟暗果蝇中的倒位进化为例，说明了倒位是如何起源、建立以及促进生殖隔离进化的。
