Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2018 Nov 7;13(11):e0205438. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205438. eCollection 2018.
The 2015 earthquake in Nepal caused massive damages and triggered relief activities to minimize human suffering. The post-earthquake nutrition and food security situation in the hardest hit areas remains uncertain.
Two national cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2014 and 2016 among households (HH) with pre-school aged children or newly married women. Of the 21 village development committees (VDCs) included in this sample, 7 fell within "earthquake-affected" areas. This paper presents data from 982 HH, 1015 women, and 883 children from 2014 and 1056 HH, 1083 women, and 998 children from 2016 living in these areas, with longitudinal overlap of about 55%. Prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and logistic regression was used to calculate p-values, both using robust estimates of standard errors to account for clustering.
From 2014 to 2016, child wasting (weight-for-height z score <-2) fell from 4.5% (95% CI 3.3%- 6.1%) to 2.1% (1.4%- 3.1%) and food insecurity (assessed using the household food insecurity access scale) dropped from 17.6% (11.7%- 25.6%) to 12.4% (6.9%- 21.2%). Child stunting prevalence remained similar at both time-points. Improvements were also evident in dietary diversity and breastfeeding indicators.
Nutrition and food security conditions remained comparable or improved one year after the earthquake despite evidence of structural and other damage. Livelihood resilience to shocks and/or effective nutrition, food or health interventions may have helped buffer the impact on nutrition, although this hypothesis requires further exploration.
2015 年尼泊尔地震造成了巨大破坏，并引发了救援活动以减轻人类的痛苦。受灾最严重地区的震后营养和食品安全状况仍不确定。
2014 年和 2016 年，在有学龄前儿童或新婚妇女的家庭（HH）中进行了两次全国性的横断面调查。在这个样本中包括的 21 个村发展委员会（VDC）中，有 7 个位于“地震灾区”。本文介绍了来自 2014 年和 2016 年生活在这些地区的 982 个 HH、1015 名妇女和 883 名儿童以及 1056 个 HH、1083 名妇女和 998 名儿童的数据，纵向重叠约 55%。使用稳健的标准误差估计值来计算患病率估计值和 95%置信区间，并使用逻辑回归来计算 p 值，均考虑了聚类。
从 2014 年到 2016 年，儿童消瘦（体重身高 z 评分<-2）从 4.5%（95%CI 3.3%-6.1%）降至 2.1%（1.4%-3.1%），粮食不安全（用家庭粮食不安全获取量表评估）从 17.6%（11.7%-25.6%）降至 12.4%（6.9%-21.2%）。两个时间点的儿童发育迟缓患病率相似。在饮食多样性和母乳喂养指标方面也有明显改善。
尽管有结构和其他破坏的证据，但在地震发生一年后，营养和食品安全状况仍然相似或有所改善。对冲击的生计恢复力和/或有效的营养、粮食或健康干预措施可能有助于缓冲对营养的影响，尽管这一假设需要进一步探讨。
