Twenge Jean M, Campbell W Keith
San Diego State University, United States of America.
University of Georgia, United States of America.
Prev Med Rep. 2018 Oct 18;12:271-283. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.003. eCollection 2018 Dec.
Previous research on associations between screen time and psychological well-being among children and adolescents has been conflicting, leading some researchers to question the limits on screen time suggested by physician organizations. We examined a large ( = 40,337) national random sample of 2- to 17-year-old children and adolescents in the U.S. in 2016 that included comprehensive measures of screen time (including cell phones, computers, electronic devices, electronic games, and TV) and an array of psychological well-being measures. After 1 h/day of use, more hours of daily screen time were associated with lower psychological well-being, including less curiosity, lower self-control, more distractibility, more difficulty making friends, less emotional stability, being more difficult to care for, and inability to finish tasks. Among 14- to 17-year-olds, high users of screens (7+ h/day vs. low users of 1 h/day) were more than twice as likely to ever have been diagnosed with depression (RR 2.39, 95% CI 1.54, 3.70), ever diagnosed with anxiety (RR 2.26, CI 1.59, 3.22), treated by a mental health professional (RR 2.22, CI 1.62, 3.03) or have taken medication for a psychological or behavioral issue (RR 2.99, CI 1.94, 4.62) in the last 12 months. Moderate use of screens (4 h/day) was also associated with lower psychological well-being. Non-users and low users of screens generally did not differ in well-being. Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being were larger among adolescents than younger children.
先前关于儿童和青少年屏幕使用时间与心理健康之间关联的研究结果相互矛盾，这使得一些研究人员对医师组织建议的屏幕使用时间限制提出质疑。我们在2016年对美国2至17岁儿童和青少年进行了一项大规模（n = 40,337）的全国随机抽样调查，其中包括对屏幕使用时间（包括手机、电脑、电子设备、电子游戏和电视）的全面测量以及一系列心理健康测量指标。每天使用屏幕超过1小时后，每天屏幕使用时间越长，心理健康状况越差，包括好奇心降低、自我控制能力下降、更容易分心、交友困难、情绪稳定性降低、更难照料以及无法完成任务。在14至17岁的青少年中，高屏幕使用量者（每天7小时以上 vs. 低屏幕使用量者每天1小时）被诊断患有抑郁症的可能性是低屏幕使用量者的两倍多（风险比2.39，95%置信区间1.54, 3.70），曾被诊断患有焦虑症的可能性（风险比2.26，置信区间1.59, 3.22），在过去12个月接受心理健康专业人员治疗的可能性（风险比2.22，置信区间1.62, 3.03）或因心理或行为问题服用药物的可能性（风险比2.99，置信区间1.94, 4.62）。适度的屏幕使用量（每天4小时）也与较低的心理健康状况相关。不使用屏幕和低屏幕使用量者在幸福感方面通常没有差异。屏幕使用时间与较低心理健康状况之间的关联在青少年中比年幼儿童更大。
