Department of Psychology, San Diego State University.
Department of Psychology, University of Georgia.
Emotion. 2018 Sep;18(6):765-780. doi: 10.1037/emo0000403. Epub 2018 Jan 22.
In nationally representative yearly surveys of United States 8th, 10th, and 12th graders 1991-2016 (N = 1.1 million), psychological well-being (measured by self-esteem, life satisfaction, and happiness) suddenly decreased after 2012. Adolescents who spent more time on electronic communication and screens (e.g., social media, the Internet, texting, gaming) and less time on nonscreen activities (e.g., in-person social interaction, sports/exercise, homework, attending religious services) had lower psychological well-being. Adolescents spending a small amount of time on electronic communication were the happiest. Psychological well-being was lower in years when adolescents spent more time on screens and higher in years when they spent more time on nonscreen activities, with changes in activities generally preceding declines in well-being. Cyclical economic indicators such as unemployment were not significantly correlated with well-being, suggesting that the Great Recession was not the cause of the decrease in psychological well-being, which may instead be at least partially due to the rapid adoption of smartphones and the subsequent shift in adolescents' time use. (PsycINFO Database Record
在对 1991 年至 2016 年美国 8 年级、10 年级和 12 年级学生进行的全国代表性年度调查中（N=110 万人），2012 年后，心理健康（通过自尊、生活满意度和幸福感来衡量）突然下降。花更多时间进行电子交流和使用屏幕（例如社交媒体、互联网、发短信、玩游戏）、花更少时间进行非屏幕活动（例如面对面社交互动、运动/锻炼、家庭作业、参加宗教服务）的青少年心理健康水平较低。花少量时间进行电子交流的青少年最快乐。青少年花在屏幕上的时间越多，心理健康水平越低；花在非屏幕活动上的时间越多，心理健康水平越高，而活动的变化通常先于幸福感的下降。周期性的经济指标，如失业率，与幸福感没有显著相关性，这表明大衰退不是心理健康下降的原因，而这可能至少部分是由于智能手机的迅速普及以及随后青少年时间使用的转变所致。
