Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia.
Scientific and Educational Methodic Center, Moscow, Russia.
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2019;247:59-84. doi: 10.1007/398_2018_17.
The exploitation of mineral deposits is followed by the formation of huge amounts of wastes, which have strong negative impacts on the surrounding environment. This paper presents the results of the compilation of data on general environmental problems in sites of waste disposal from mining and ore processing in Russia, based on the analysis of published data and own research. The own research of the authors relates to the estimation of the environmental hazards of mining waste using geochemical investigations and biotesting, as well as the development of the classification of technogenic mineral resources counting the reasons of the accumulation of precious components in them and findings on their environmental impact. The influence of waste disposal was determined as significant and diverse, leading to the transformation of all natural compartments surrounding waste disposal sites. The situation is especially aggravated when there are some mining and processing facilities within one relatively small territory. As a result, strong influence zones are formed. These zones have pronounced geochemical features reflecting the specificity of extracted rocks and produced raw materials. The analyzed information can serve as a basis for the development of nature protection measures for the mining waste disposal sites in Russia. Such measures using modern technical means for monitoring can minimize environmental damage from technogenic mineral formations.
矿床开采后会形成大量废物，对周围环境产生强烈的负面影响。本文基于对已发表数据和自有研究的分析，介绍了俄罗斯采矿和矿石加工场废物处置地普遍环境问题数据汇编的结果。作者的自有研究涉及使用地球化学调查和生物测试来评估采矿废物的环境危害，以及开发技术成因矿产资源分类，其中包括造成其中贵金属成分积累的原因以及对其环境影响的发现。废物处置的影响被确定为显著且多样化，导致废物处置场周围所有自然区的变化。当一个相对较小的区域内存在一些采矿和加工设施时，情况尤其严重。结果形成了强烈影响区。这些区域具有明显的地球化学特征，反映了所开采岩石和所生产原材料的特异性。所分析的信息可以作为制定俄罗斯采矿废物处置场自然保护措施的基础。使用现代技术手段进行监测的这些措施可以将技术成因矿物形成造成的环境破坏降到最低。
