Bernal-Gamboa Rodolfo, Rosas Juan M, Nieto Javier
Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.
Department of Psychology, Universidad de Jaén.
J Exp Psychol Anim Learn Cogn. 2018 Oct;44(4):385-395. doi: 10.1037/xan0000183.
Retrieval of a flavor-illness association has been found to show contextual dependence when the association is learned after a nontarget flavor-illness association has been extinguished in what has been named as the extinction makes acquisition context-specific (EMACS) effect. Four experiments were designed to further explore the EMACS effect in conditioned taste aversion. Experiments 1 and 2 replicated the EMACS effect using rats that did not experience extinction, and rats that underwent extinction of a different flavor as controls. Experiments 3 and 4 found that the experience of extinction with the nontarget Flavor X in a given context (A) led to context-specificity of performance to the target Flavor Y both, when Y was trained in a highly familiar context (B) and tested in the context where X had been trained (Context A, Experiment 3), and when the test was conducted in a less familiar context (C) where no cues or outcomes were presented before (Experiment 4). These results are consistent with the idea that the experience of extinction encourages organism's attention to the contexts, making retrieval of new learning context-specific. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
当在非目标味道-疾病关联已被消除后学习味道-疾病关联时，已发现味道-疾病关联的恢复表现出情境依赖性，这一现象被命名为“消除使习得具有情境特异性”（EMACS）效应。设计了四项实验以进一步探究条件性味觉厌恶中的EMACS效应。实验1和实验2使用未经历消除的大鼠以及经历了不同味道消除的大鼠作为对照，重复了EMACS效应。实验3和实验4发现，在给定情境（A）中用非目标味道X进行消除的经历，导致当目标味道Y在非常熟悉的情境（B）中进行训练并在X接受训练的情境（情境A，实验3）中进行测试时，以及当测试在之前未呈现任何线索或结果的不太熟悉的情境（C）中进行时，对目标味道Y的表现具有情境特异性。这些结果与以下观点一致，即消除经历促使生物体关注情境，使新学习的恢复具有情境特异性。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）2018美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
