Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Unidad Docente de Edafología, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Unidad Docente de Edafología, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Dec;243(Pt B):1861-1866. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.029. Epub 2018 Oct 5.
The use of the soil can alter its functionality and influence the (bio)availability of any contaminants present. Our study considers two types of agricultural soils, rainfed and olive soils, managed according to conventional practices that apply contaminants directly to the soil (fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, etc.) and receive contaminants from the atmosphere (traffic, industry, etc.); and a forest soil that is not subject to these agricultural practices. In this scenario, we consider a mixture of 16 trace elements (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Sn, V and Zn), since their interactions with the soil can produce synergistic and/or antagonistic effects that are not considered in most studies. We studied whether the content and (bio)availability of low concentrations of a mixture of trace elements affect the soil functionality in terms of the activity of some key enzymes We analysed the total, potentially and immediately available fractions, the soil parameters and soil enzyme activity. The results show that the functionality of the soils studied was affected despite the low concentrations of trace elements. The highest concentrations of total trace elements and available fractions were found in forest soils compared to the other two uses. Soil enzyme activity is best explained by the potentially available fraction of a mixture of trace elements and physico-chemical soil variables. In our study, pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon and fine mineral particles (silt and clay) had an influence on soil enzyme activity and the (bio)available fractions of trace elements.
土壤的使用会改变其功能，并影响任何存在的污染物的（生物）可利用性。我们的研究考虑了两种类型的农业土壤，即旱作土壤和橄榄土壤，这些土壤按照常规做法进行管理，即直接将污染物施用于土壤（肥料、农药、杀真菌剂等），并从大气中接收污染物（交通、工业等）；以及不受这些农业实践影响的森林土壤。在这种情况下，我们考虑了 16 种痕量元素（As、Ba、Be、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mo、Ni、Pb、Se、Sb、Sn、V 和 Zn）的混合物，因为它们与土壤的相互作用可能会产生协同和/或拮抗作用，而这些作用在大多数研究中并未被考虑。我们研究了低浓度痕量元素混合物的含量和（生物）可利用性是否会影响土壤功能，即某些关键酶的活性。我们分析了总、潜在和立即可用的痕量元素分数、土壤参数和土壤酶活性。结果表明，尽管痕量元素浓度较低，但研究土壤的功能仍受到影响。与其他两种用途相比，森林土壤中总痕量元素和可用分数的浓度最高。土壤酶活性最好用痕量元素混合物的潜在可利用分数和理化土壤变量来解释。在我们的研究中，pH 值、总氮、有机碳和细矿物颗粒（粉土和粘土）对土壤酶活性和痕量元素的（生物）有效分数有影响。
