School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3001, Australia.
School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
ISA Trans. 2019 Mar;86:181-191. doi: 10.1016/j.isatra.2018.10.017. Epub 2018 Oct 30.
With increasing penetration of variable loads and intermittent distributed energy resources (DERs) with uncertainty and variability in distribution systems, the power system gradually inherits some features (e.g., lack of rotating inertia), which leads to the voltage instability in microgrids. As a means to provide stability support for smart grid against high penetration of intermittent DERs, inverter-based smart loads across the distribution grid has been suggested recently. Accordingly, this paper presents a delay-tolerant distributed voltage control scheme based on consensus protocol for multiple-cooperative smart loads through effective demand-side management in ac microgrids, in which the time-delay effect on transmission communication occurred in information exchanges is considered. The proposed distributed voltage control scheme always enables the output voltage of each smart load to be synchronized to their reference value, which improves the robustness of system stability against transmission communication delays. The Lyapunov-Krasovskii functions are employed to analyze the stability of our proposed distributed control scheme, then the delay-independent stability conditions are derived, which allows some large communication delays. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis is developed to show how the time delay affects system dynamics in order to validate the robustness of proposed delay-independent stability conditions. Furthermore, a sparse communication network is employed to implement the proposed distributed control protocols, which thus satisfies the plug-and-play requirement of smart microgrids. Finally, the simulation results of an ac microgrid in MATLAB/SimPowerSystems are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology.
随着具有不确定性和可变性的可变负荷和分布式能源（DER）渗透率的增加，配电系统逐渐具有一些特性（例如，缺乏旋转惯性），这导致微电网中的电压不稳定。作为为智能电网提供对间歇性DER 高渗透率的稳定性支持的一种手段，基于逆变器的智能负荷已经在配电网中得到了应用。因此，本文提出了一种基于一致性协议的延迟容忍分布式电压控制方案，用于在交流微电网中通过有效的需求侧管理对多个合作智能负荷进行控制，其中考虑了信息交换中传输通信的时滞效应。所提出的分布式电压控制方案始终使每个智能负荷的输出电压与其参考值同步，从而提高了系统对传输通信延迟的稳定性鲁棒性。采用 Lyapunov-Krasovskii 函数对所提出的分布式控制方案进行稳定性分析，然后推导出与延迟无关的稳定性条件，允许存在一些较大的通信延迟。此外，进行了灵敏度分析以显示时间延迟如何影响系统动态，从而验证所提出的与延迟无关的稳定性条件的鲁棒性。此外，采用稀疏通信网络来实现所提出的分布式控制协议，从而满足智能微电网的即插即用要求。最后，在 MATLAB/SimPowerSystems 中展示了交流微电网的仿真结果，以验证所提出的控制方法的有效性。
