Mall Tejinder, Gupta Manju, Dhadialla Tarlochan Singh, Rodrigo Sarria
Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1864:313-342. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8778-8_21.
Biotechnology has been central for the acceleration of crop improvement over the last two decades. Since 1994, when the first commercial biotechnology-derived tomato crop was commercialized, the cultivated area for genetically modified crops has reached 185.1 million hactares worldwide. Both the number of crops and the number of traits developed using biotechnology have accounted for this increase. Among the most impactful biotechnology-derived traits are insect resistance and herbicide tolerance, which have greatly contributed to the worldwide increase in agricultural productivity and stabilization of food security. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the history of the biotechnology-derived input traits, the existing genetically engineered commercial crop products carrying insect resistance and herbicide tolerance traits, as well as a perspective on how new technologies could further impact the development of new traits in crops. With the projection of the world population to increase to 9.8 billion by the year 2050 and reduction in available farmland, one of the biggest challenges will be to provide sustainable nourishment to the projected population. Biotechnology will continue to be the key enabler for development of insect resistance and herbicide tolerance traits to overcome that imminent challenge.
在过去二十年里，生物技术一直是加速作物改良的核心。自1994年第一种商业化的生物技术培育番茄作物实现商业化以来，全球转基因作物的种植面积已达1.851亿公顷。作物数量的增加以及利用生物技术培育的性状数量的增加共同促成了这一增长。在最具影响力的生物技术衍生性状中，抗虫性和除草剂耐受性极大地推动了全球农业生产力的提高和粮食安全的稳定。在本章中，我们概述了生物技术衍生的投入性状的历史、现有的具有抗虫性和除草剂耐受性性状的基因工程商业化作物产品，以及新技术如何进一步影响作物新性状开发的观点。预计到2050年世界人口将增至98亿，同时可用农田减少，最大的挑战之一将是为预计的人口提供可持续的营养。生物技术将继续成为开发抗虫性和除草剂耐受性性状以应对这一紧迫挑战的关键推动因素。
