青少年网络欺凌受害与内化和外化问题：亲子关系和儿童性别在其中的调节作用。
Cyberbullying victimisation and internalising and externalising problems among adolescents: the moderating role of parent-child relationship and child's sex.
机构信息
School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
The Child, Adolescent, and Family Centre of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
出版信息
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2018 Nov 13;29:e8. doi: 10.1017/S2045796018000653.
AIMS
Previous research has found links between cyberbullying victimisation and internalising and externalising problems among adolescents. However, little is known about the factors that might moderate these relationships. Thus, the present study examined the relationships between cyberbullying victimisation and psychological distress, suicidality, self-rated poor mental health and substance use among adolescents, and tested whether parent-child relationship and child's sex would moderate these relationships.
METHODS
Self-report data on experiences of cyberbullying victimisation, self-rated poor mental health, psychological distress, suicidality and substance use were derived from the 2013 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey, a province-wide school-based survey of students in grades 7 through 12 aged 11-20 years (N = 5478). Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, subjective socioeconomic status and involvement in physical fighting, bullying victimisation and perpetration at school.
RESULTS
Cyberbullying victimisation was associated with self-rated poor mental health (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64-2.81), psychological distress (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.90-3.06), suicidal ideation (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.83-3.08) and attempts (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.27-3.38), smoking tobacco cigarette (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.45-2.65), cannabis use (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.32-2.51), and binge drinking (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.03-2.02). The association between cyberbullying victimisation and psychological distress was modified by parent-child relationship and child's sex (three-way interaction term p < 0.05). The association between cyberbullying victimisation and psychological distress was much stronger among boys who have a negative relationship with their parents.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest that cyberbullying victimisation is strongly associated with psychological distress in most adolescents with the exception of males who get along well with their parents. Further research using a longitudinal design is necessary to disentangle the interrelationship among child's sex, parent-child relationship, cyberbullying victimisation and mental health outcomes among adolescents in order to improve ongoing mental health prevention efforts.
目的
先前的研究发现，网络欺凌受害与青少年的内化和外化问题之间存在关联。然而，对于可能调节这些关系的因素知之甚少。因此，本研究检验了网络欺凌受害与青少年心理困扰、自杀意念、自评心理健康状况不佳和物质使用之间的关系，并测试了亲子关系和孩子的性别是否会调节这些关系。
方法
2013 年安大略省学生毒品使用和健康调查是一项全省范围内针对 11-20 岁（N=5478）7-12 年级学生的基于学校的调查，本研究从该调查中获取了关于网络欺凌受害经历、自评心理健康状况不佳、心理困扰、自杀意念和物质使用的自我报告数据。使用逻辑回归模型调整了年龄、性别、族裔、主观社会经济地位以及在校参与身体打架、欺凌受害和欺凌实施等因素。
结果
网络欺凌受害与自评心理健康状况不佳（调整后的优势比（OR）2.15；95%置信区间（CI）1.64-2.81）、心理困扰（OR 2.41；95% CI 1.90-3.06）、自杀意念（OR 2.38；95% CI 1.83-3.08）和自杀企图（OR 2.07；95% CI 1.27-3.38）、吸烟（OR 1.96；95% CI 1.45-2.65）、大麻使用（OR 1.82；95% CI 1.32-2.51）和狂饮（OR 1.44；95% CI 1.03-2.02）有关。网络欺凌受害与心理困扰之间的关联受到亲子关系和孩子性别的调节（三项交互作用项 p<0.05）。在与父母关系不好的男孩中，网络欺凌受害与心理困扰之间的关联要强得多。为了改善青少年心理健康预防工作，需要使用纵向设计来进一步研究青少年的性别、亲子关系、网络欺凌受害与心理健康结果之间的相互关系，以厘清这些关系。
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