Center for Health Research and School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Am J Health Promot. 2022 Jan;36(1):73-83. doi: 10.1177/08901171211034105. Epub 2021 Jul 26.
To identify and compare important risk and protective factors associated with suicidality and self-harm among traditional bullying and cyberbullying victims aged 14-17-years in Australia.
Cross-sectional population-based study.
Young Minds Matter, a nationwide survey in Australia.
Adolescents aged 14-17-years (n = 2125).
Suicidality and self-harm were outcome variables, and explanatory variables included sociodemographic factors (age, gender, country of birth, household income, location, family type), risk factors (parental distress, family functioning, family history of substance use, child substance use, mental disorder, psychosis, eating disorders, sexual activity) and protective factors (high self-esteem, positive mental health or resilience, school connectedness, sleep) among 2 types of bullying victims-traditional and cyber. Traditional bullying includes physical (hit, kick, push) or verbal (tease, rumors, threat, ignorance), and cyberbullying includes teasing messages/pictures via email, social medial using the internet and/or mobile phones.
Bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression models. Statistical metrics include Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit-test, VIF test, Linktest and ROC curve for model performance and fitness.
Overall, 25.6% of adolescents were traditional bullying victims and 12% were cyberbullying victims. The percentages of suicidality (34.4% vs 21.6%) and self-harm (32.8% vs 22.3%) were higher in cyberbullying victims than in traditional bullying victims. Girls were more often bullied and likely to experience suicidal and self-harming behavior than boys. Parental distress, mental disorder and psychosis were found to be significantly associated with the increase risk for self-harm and suicidality among both bullying victims (p < 0.05). While, eating disorder and sexual activity increased the risk of suicidality in traditional bullying victims and self-harm in cyberbullying victims, respectively. Positive mental health/resilience and adequate sleep were found be significantly associated with decreased suicidality and self-harm in both bullying victims.
Suicidality and self-harm were common in bullying victims. The findings highlight that the risk and protective factors associated with suicidality and self-harm among adolescent who experienced traditional and cyberbullying victimization should be considered for the promotion of effective self-harm and suicide prevention and intervention programs.
确定并比较与澳大利亚 14-17 岁传统欺凌和网络欺凌受害者自杀和自残相关的重要风险和保护因素。
横断面人群基础研究。
澳大利亚的 Young Minds Matter 全国性调查。
年龄在 14-17 岁的青少年（n=2125）。
自杀和自残是因变量，解释变量包括社会人口因素（年龄、性别、出生地、家庭收入、地点、家庭类型）、风险因素（父母困扰、家庭功能、家族药物使用史、儿童药物使用、精神障碍、精神病、饮食障碍、性行为）和保护因素（高自尊、积极心理健康或韧性、学校联系、睡眠），这些因素在两种类型的欺凌受害者（传统和网络）中都存在。传统欺凌包括身体（打、踢、推）或言语（嘲笑、谣言、威胁、无视），网络欺凌包括通过电子邮件、使用互联网和/或手机的社交媒体发送嘲笑信息/图片。
双变量分析和二元逻辑回归模型。统计指标包括 Hosmer-Lemeshow 拟合优度检验、VIF 检验、Linktest 和 ROC 曲线用于模型性能和拟合度。
总体而言，25.6%的青少年是传统欺凌受害者，12%是网络欺凌受害者。与传统欺凌受害者相比，网络欺凌受害者的自杀率（34.4%比 21.6%）和自残率（32.8%比 22.3%）更高。女孩比男孩更容易受到欺凌，也更有可能出现自杀和自残行为。父母困扰、精神障碍和精神病被发现与两种欺凌受害者的自残和自杀风险增加显著相关（p<0.05）。而饮食障碍和性行为增加了传统欺凌受害者的自杀风险，以及网络欺凌受害者的自残风险。积极的心理健康/韧性和充足的睡眠被发现与两种欺凌受害者的自杀和自残风险降低显著相关。
自杀和自残在欺凌受害者中很常见。研究结果强调，在经历传统欺凌和网络欺凌的青少年中，与自杀和自残相关的风险和保护因素应该被考虑，以促进有效的自残和自杀预防和干预计划。
