Botte M J, Nickel V L, Akeson W H
Division of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of California, San Diego Medical Center 92103.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988 Aug(233):7-18.
Disruption of the upper motor neuron inhibitory pathways by stroke, brain trauma, or spinal cord injury leads to muscle spasticity. Spasticity is characterized by increased muscle tone, hyperactive reflexes, and possible clonus or rigidity. The increased muscle tone may result in loss of joint motion, leading to contractures. Treatment of established contractures is difficult. Prevention of contractures by joint mobilization is emphasized as a goal in the management of patients with spasticity.
中风、脑外伤或脊髓损伤导致上运动神经元抑制通路中断，进而引发肌肉痉挛。肌肉痉挛的特征是肌张力增加、反射亢进，可能伴有阵挛或强直。肌张力增加可能导致关节活动丧失，进而引发挛缩。已形成的挛缩治疗困难。通过关节活动来预防挛缩被强调为痉挛患者管理中的一个目标。
